78 G. A. J. VAN DER SA.NDE. 



ornament and besides, being connected by the slack string, it would not retain in the nose the 

 position, which is represented in the illustration. The same thing holds good for the set of 

 H. B. [1. c. PI. V, fig. 8], indicated by the name fia or fiai. For this in Tobâdi is the name 

 of ground tusks, immaterially, whether thèse are found in the nose, on a bag or as a part 

 of the breast fighting ornament. The pig itself is called : por (in the village of Waba (= Nafri) 

 pûrô). Single tusks, like those used as scrapers or as an ornament were always called : por 

 cheâb, two such tusks with the bases and the points fastened to each other as a necklace : 

 thôde, as an armlet (DE CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 38, N°. 195, PI. VI, fig. 4]): baja. The 

 abundance of thèse names proves no doubt that this article is important in the life of the 

 Papuans. Nose ornaments for women in H. B. and on Lake Sentâni are exclusively small tortoise 

 shell rings, and the small strings of beads already mentioned above, in a single instance, also 

 real simbbni (see Chapter VII). 



In Chapter XIII I will refer to the altération caused in the shape of the nose by the 

 wearing of ornaments. 



Ear ORNAMENTS are largely used in New Guinea. 



They occur least of ail in British N. G., where in many parts even the piercing of the lobes of the ear 

 is omitted and «hère therefore also (Finsch [1888 — 93, 96 —97]) less variety exists in the nature of the 

 ornamental objects. On the other hand the use hère of bamboo ear pendants, which serve at the same time 

 as tobacco boxes, is very remarkable, as well as the custom, also seen with the Tugeri (Pratt [1906, 49]), 

 of widening the opening of the lobe by an elastic strip of cane bent round. In K. W. Land the variety of 

 the ornaments is already larger. Everywhere however the lobes of both ears are not pierced and sometimes 

 only the outer rim of the ears, and one finds différent herbs (Finsch [1888, 299]) the cassowary primaries, 

 mostly of local distribution, shell rings, balls of cuscus skin (Erdweg [1902, 319, fig. 213]), Nassa, dogs' 

 teeth, Coix seeds with rope fringe and tortoise shell ornaments in four shapes: i° small flat disks (Finsch 

 [iSSSa, PI. XVII, fig. 5 and 6]), 2° rings obtained by boring (Schellong [1888, 222, PL XIX, fig. 10 and 

 14]) or 3 bent from very narrow strips (Biro [1899, PI. XV, fig. 4]) and 4° from broad beautifully 

 oarved strips (Finsch [1888, S7; iSSSa, PI. XVII, fig. 4; 1888—93, PI- 9, "g. 7, PI- 13, fig- 4j; Hagen 

 [1899, PI. 18, 24, 39]), sometimes also used as armlets. 



The still larger variety in Netherl. territory is, in the first place, due to the almost 

 universal custom of piercing both lobes of the ear in the case of both sexes. The men 

 of Tarfia form an exception (De CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 25]) and pierce only one lobe; 

 while no holes in the outer rim are noticed in Netherl. territory. The meaning of the 

 piercing is not yet known; I only point to the peculiarity (HORST [1S89, 243]) that in Walckenaers 

 Bay on the occasion of a burial feast, one of the lobes of a young man, who was dressed 

 up most beautifully, was pierced. In other parts the piercing takes place at the âge of 3 — 5 

 (DE CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 25]) but in H. B. where, in contrast with most other places, 

 the women wear more ear ornaments than the men (see also KoNING [1903, 256]), I often 

 saw female babies with numerous and large ear rings. Probably this is largely due to the 

 mother's vanity. Towards the marriageable âge the ear ornaments are also often very 

 abundant hère. That the oldest women wear most ornaments, as remarked by Van DER 

 GOES [1858, 172], may occur in the case of widows, who may be rich having many daughters 

 married or by the sale of knitted bags. 



The collection contains two new objects obtained from Lake Sentâni and other known orna- 



