176 



G. A. J. VAN DER SANDE. 



plenty of water, whilst now and then he plunged the hatchet into the lake, in order to 

 wash ofif the shavings, the „tooth" (SELIGMANN 1. c), and to asccrtain the resuit. The entire 

 opération takes several months. Sago club stone and stone hatchets are still treasured very 

 much on Lake Sentâni, which is proved by the fact, that in purchasing a woman, they are 

 still included in the price. The finest hatchets are somewhat translucent near the edge. The 



Papuans of Lake Sentâni gene- 

 rally examined them as to this 

 particular quality. 



The gardens are laid 

 out sometimes on flat ground, 

 at other times, as often happens 

 on Lake Sentâni, on the fairly 

 steep slopes of the hills, and 

 in cases where they are more 

 or less distant from the village, 

 (at Asé the distance was about 

 one hour), they are provided 

 with small houses or sheds, for 

 shelter in bad weather; a meal 

 is sometimes taken there and 

 implements are stored in them. 

 In clearing the ground, 

 the stone hatchet is or was 

 used, exclusively by the men, 

 often, however, the tree is 

 ringed, and when dead it is set on fire. For the enclosure of the garden many saplings are 

 required which, on the north coast, are piled up horizontally between vertical stakes, différent 

 from the enclosures illustrated of the Tugèri (SCHMELTZ [1904, 202, fig. 7]), made out of 

 vertical pôles placed against each other in the ground and connected at the top with a 

 horizontal lath. Thèse enclosures hâve no opening or door; sometimes a small, vertical pôle 

 of 1 — 2 feet is stuck into the ground on the in- as well as on the outside, which assists persons in 

 climbing over. Bamboo skewers, to protect gardens (ANNUAL REPORT [1894 — 95, 44]) I never saw. 

 The man never seems to take any further part, on the Netherlands territory of the 

 north coast, in tilling the soil. Perhaps he participâtes in the works of the artificial irriga- 

 tion, as noticed on Lake Sentâni (MOOLENBURGH [1904, 180]), and in British N. G. (SELIG- 

 MANN [1906, 359]), but tilling of the soil with wooden instruments resembling rakes, already 

 mentioned by FlNSCH [1888, 56], BlRO [1901, 66, fig. 31] and ERDWEG [1902, 336], is on 

 Netherlands territory, also according to the expérience of others, not done by the men. 



But NACHRICHTEN [1888, 229] prove that in K. W. Land the conditions differ in 

 différent places, as according to the same, the man, after laying out the gardens, does no 

 further work inside them, whilst in the Berlin Harbour district, according to PARKINSON 

 [1900, 39] the weeds, which hâve remained or grown after the bush has been burnt down, 

 are not removed. HAGEN [1899, 244] reports that the Jabim only proceed to the gardens 



Fig. 112. Stone-working for sago club (to the vight) and 

 hatchet (to the left); Asé. 



