194 G - A - J- VAN DER SANDE. 



use. In case good trees are wanting in one district and abundant in another, a trade in trunks 

 springs up (Annual REPORT [1902 — 03, iS]), sometimes in finished crafts, and a considérable 

 industry is therefore connected with it at certain places (MACGREGOR [1897, 56], SEL[GMANN 

 [1906, 238]). At other times, the right to eut the proper trees is sold by one village to 

 another, and the craft is after ail made by the purchasers themselves, either on the spot, 

 or at the village of the latter, whither the felled trunk lias been removed along a river. 

 WYATT GlLL [1885, 295] mentions a quarrel which had arisen over the payment of the right 

 hère referred to (see also ANNUAL REPORT [1904 — 05, 25]). 



Usually a wood which is light and not too hard is selected, which greatly facili- 

 tâtes the work with the stone axe. At Asé, fig. 124, I saw the stone axe still used in the 

 manufacture of a moderately large women's boat, and it certainly cannot be entirely replaced 

 for this purpose by the métal axe or hatchet. For the part which holds the stone can be 

 turned round in the socket of the wooden handle, and the edge can thus be placed, either 

 transversely (adze) for the cutting of the inside bottom, and lengthways (hatchet) for the side 

 walls ; also in any other direction in which it may be wanted. As stated above, the stone 

 hatchet only knocks off small scales, and the eut surface therefore consists of small concave 

 indents. Gutter-shaped stone hatchets, the edge forming a semi-circle, as mentioned by 

 ERDWEG [1902, 364] as used in Tumleo, but unfortunately not illustrated, were never men- 

 tioned before. In fig. 124 the man squatting down at the back end is busy making the 

 outside surface smooth with a chisel like N°. 702 of the collection. On the prow, as well as 

 on the after deck, an assistant is seated to maintain the stability of the craft, whilst the 

 inside part is being eut out. For this they receive food on every day that they assist in the 

 work; exactly the same as with the building of the houses. 



The super fi cial burning, inside as well as outside, by means of torches made 

 of cocoa-nut leaves, as reported by HADDON [1900, 287] in Keapara, by VAN DlSSEL [1904a, 

 629] in Salakiti, or, only outside by a wood fire, by ERDWEG [1902, 364] in Tumleo, as far 

 as I know, is not done in H. B. or on Lake Sentâni. It is very common in the case of 

 sea-going craft to increase the height of the sides by sewing up a plank ; two or three 

 planks lashed on, as reported by Mac FARLANE [1S88, 118], MACGREGOR [1897, 57] and 

 SELIGMANN [1906, 238] in eastern British N. G., were, however, never seen by me. But 

 this increase of the moulded depth, on account of the reduced stability, nécessitâtes the 

 addition of an outrigger on one or both sides. That the carrying capacity is reduced by the 

 weight of the non-immerged parts, is a disadvantage which is taken into the bargain. Light 

 kinds of wood are preferred for this purpose, whilst the fioats are made pointed at one or 

 both ends, to decrease the résistance in the water. Naturally, the larger this float, the shorter 

 can be the cross pièce of the outrigger, and v ; ce versa. Where the space admits, as foi- 

 instance with boats for use at sea, very long cross pièces may be met with. HADDON [189^, 

 247] thus writes, concerning Collingwood Bay, of a very small float which reaches an 

 unusually great distance from the canoë. Other crafts hâve a float of the same length as the 

 canoë, but only two feet distant from it (MACGREGOR [1897, 58]). Two outriggers are an 

 advantage which is, however, often abandoned e. g. in cases where fishing with large nets 

 nécessitâtes one of the sides of the craft being kept free (see fig. 105). That platforms on 

 dug-outs are only possible with outriggers, goes without saying. 



