2IO G. A. J. VAN DER SANDE. 



flying birds ; I, however, look upon them as fishes and heard the name sënâbûne or semibâne 

 mentioned, (another member of the expédition understood : sëntngûne) once only it was 

 called : oi = shark ; no certainty was obtained regarding this. The name sjôri, which De CLERCQ 

 [1. c] gives for the ornamental prow of H. B., has not been mentioned to me by the people 

 of Jôtëfa, they always talked of wache niéti ; the stem ornament of Tanah Merah N°. 662 

 (PL XXII, fig. 6) was, however, called sori, which cornes very close to sjôri. This object 

 furnishes, in its being uncoloured and carelessly finished, the proof that hère the western 

 limit of this style of prow is approached ; nevertheless ail the représentations of animais 

 can still be traced on it. Of the territory, which adjoins to the west, De CLERCQ [1. c. 

 PI. XXV] and Uhle [1886, PL I, figs. 4 and 6] illustrate fine objects, e. g. of Jamna and 

 Podena. But the latter's opinion, that the area of distribution of thèse ornamental prows with 

 handles, passes in the west, near Wakidé, in east longitude 139 5', directly on to the Geel- 

 vink Bay type has proved incorrect, in so far as between thèse, a territory is still to be found 

 with ornamental prows as on the craft of Liki, fig. 136. (As an exceptional case, this craft 

 lies with its stern towards the sea). Thèse ornamental prows (N os . 663 — 664, PL XXII, 

 figs. 9 and 10) hâve two small, diverging planks, which placed on the hull, join the 

 side-boards. In this respect they resemble the shapes of Geelvink Bay, of which the influence 

 is also considered by PREUSS [1899, 163] to reach as far as Takar and the Arimoa 

 Islands. However, the heads, which occur on them, largely resemble those on the above 

 named prows of DE CLERCQ [1. c, 97] and UHLE, which heads are looked upon as human 

 heads, with the tongues sticking out. I do not know whether this information has been 

 obtained from the natives themselves, but judging by a spécimen of Korido [1. c, PL XXIV, 

 fig. 2] it appears to me, that the beak-like nose with nose wings is not necessarily applied 

 to a human figure, but also, as in this instance, to the figure of a dog. Still more : the head 

 on the prow of Liki (N°. 663) was explained to me as piakore (BlNK [1902, 7] : piakor = black 

 bird of paradise), the one on the stern (N°. 664) as kôkàr, which is supposed to represent 

 the black crested Micro glossus. I observe, that the crests which occur on the heads of 

 the prow from Podena (UHLE [1886, PL I, fig. 6]), can be more easily interpreted as birds' 

 crests than as human hairdresses. 



N 05 . 665 and 666 (PL XXII, fig. 8) of Kwatisoré and N°. 667 ofWâri entirely correspond 

 with the type, which is found in the south of Geelvink Bay. 



As far as the technique of thèse ornaments is concerned, it would appear that at 

 several places the small, round holes hâve been made by red hot, iron pins. As to the 

 meaning of this ornament the reader is referred to UHLE. Of the unornamented, high, wooden 

 prows (DE CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 92, fig. 36]), common in Geelvink Bay with big 

 craft, fig. 139 gives a good illustration, whilst fig. 140 shows the ornamented prow of a 

 Numfôr canoë, in the road-stead of Manokwari. 



I did not see ornamental prows on the craft ofLake Jamûr; the drawing fig. 178, however, 

 on the wall of the house on fig. 80, made with lime, and which represents a boat with one 

 superior and three ordinary warriors, shows a high prow, from which I conclude, that on 

 warlike expéditions, ornamented prows are used. 



