2l6 G. A. J. VAN DER SANDE. 



coast of the Netherlands territory, to which I must add, the trade in pigs, delivered by Sëkâ 

 to H. B., the trade in bodily ornaments, productions of the industry at Tarfia, carried on 

 along a great part of the coast (see pp. 89 and 1O1), and the trade of diligent Serué, on 

 the south coast of Jâpen, to other places in Geelvink Bay (Kwatisoré). 



It is évident, that the coasting-trade, is ruled by the monsoons, not only by the con- 

 stant winds, but also by the strong currents they cause. The Ceram people land on the west 

 coast in May and return in June (Van DER GOES [185S, 122]); the trade in pottery and 

 sago in the Papuan Gulf is carried on in October towards the end of the south-east monsoon 

 (HADDON [1901, 248]), the trade of Bilibili on the north coast, during the calm sea of the 

 south-east monsoon (PARKINSON [1900, 40]), and navigation is almost given up there (ERDWEG 

 [1902, 371]) from November till March, during the north-west monsoon. On the north coast, 

 westerly currents are strongest, and so the drifting of boats from east to west, as ELLIS 

 [1888, 51] mentions, when meeting with natives from K. W. Land on the island of Liki, occurs 

 more than from west to east. 



The trade of the natives from the interior with those from the coast, can hardly 

 be called free-trade, for nearly everywhere, at least on the west and north coast, the natives 

 from the interior or from the mountains, are the sufferers, and are, to a certain extent, at 

 the mercy of the inhabitants of the coast, who fix the value of the productions and obtain 

 great profits with little trouble. NACHRICHTEN [i8S8, 226] and HAGEN [1899, 221] also mention 

 a similar supremacy exercised by the population of the coast. Their jealousy is the cause that 

 modem commodities do not directly penetrate into the interior [Le. 219] and so my Hum- 

 boldt Bay interpréter begged me, not to barter modem things in Asé, thèse objects not yet 

 being known in H. B. itself. When, however, our looking-glasses, knives, etc. had become 

 very abundant in H. B., the natives went with thèse productions to Lake Sentâni, in order to 

 exchange them for antique, valuable beads (see below). The above mentioned trading supre- 

 macy generally extends only to the nearest villages of the interior, which in their turn, carry 

 on the trade with places situated farther on. Whoever undertakes an excursion with guides or 

 porters from the coast villages, usually expériences that those people do not go any farther 

 than the nearest inland village, where other people must be supplied. More than once, those 

 porters suddenly left the expédition in the lurch; the coast people of Kwatisoré held their 

 heads so high, that they absolutely refused to carry any loads, but on good payment they were 

 willing to send for natives from the interior (Nagramâdu) to act as porters. So it is generally 

 the mountaineers, who corne to the coast on foot, and the expédition often succeeded in 

 meeting with such inland natives in coast villages, as Bawé, Sari and Tobâdi, and could 

 engage the women (see PRATT [1906, 323]) as burden-bearers. HAGEN [1899, 22 °] mentions 

 periodical market-days, MACGREGOR [1897, 72] market-places, things, which are unknown to 

 me from Netherlands N. G.. Tobâdi has commercial relations, e. g. bartering sea-fish for sago, 

 chiefly with the village of Asé, and a friendly relation exists between the families of both 

 villages, of course mingled with some humility on the side of Asé. So not only marriages, 

 which may be considered as a sort of trade, take place, but also business friends or their 

 relations are entertained for a time. The village of Waba has more commercial dealings with 

 Ajâpo; Ifâr seems to carry on trade with the villages on the north coast, across the passes 

 of the Cyclops Mountains, while the western part of Lake Sentâni has intercourse with Tanah 



