222 G. A. J. VAN DER SANDE. 



carneol (Virchow [1S84, 595]), and, according to Rouffaer [1899, 628], were originally manufactured in 

 Cambay (Bay of Cambay, British India), and imported via Malacca between the years 1400 and 1550. It 

 may rather be conceived, that there is a conformity with the imitation of thèse beads, afterwards manufac- 

 tured at Cambay, according to Rouffaer, and especially with the mutu tanah, made of glass later on, now 

 also in use and of high value, the origin of which has, however, not yet been traced. They are "schmutzig 

 orangefarben" (Wichmann [1891, 230]), ochre-coloured (Nieuwenhuis [1904, PI. XIX, fig. 24]) and, though 

 Koning [1903, 264, note] and Meyer and Richter [1903, 25% note] spoke of analogy between the muti 

 salah and the New Guinea beads, when held side by side with the latter, they show a différence in shape 

 and colour, excluding ail thought of equality. There is only one, but that a very important characteristic, 

 which the beads of the Timor Archipelago hâve in common with the New Guinea beads, viz. the super- 

 ficial, spiral striping. Moreover a section of such a bead of Sïka on Flores (Minerai. Geol. Muséum, Utrecht, 

 N°. 2071), shows the same spiral winding of the whole mass, as mentioned above of the New Guinea 

 beads. Thèse facts prove an analogy in a technical respect between thèse muti tanah and the New Guinea 

 currency beads. The nature of the material, however, is différent. A string of beads from Timor, now 

 in the Leyden Muséum, (Ser. 1, N°. 233), contains two small, malachite-green beads, bearing a striking 

 resemblance to the protauri (N G . 689). 



From West Ceram, from which country Riedel [1886, 106] also describes ancient, valuable beads, 

 the Rotterdam Muséum possesses a string of beads (N°. 7138), proceeding from a mountaineer, among 

 which yellow ones occur, exactly resembling the chrîs (N°. 685), with similar little holes, which, more or 

 less filled with dirt, appear like little, black dots. 



Few ancient beads are known from Celebes (Nieuwenhuis [1904, 153, PI. XIX, fig. 19]), though 

 agate and chalcedon are ground into ring stones (Wichmann [1S90, 979]). 



Among the ancient India 11 beads, mentioned by Rivett — Carnac [1902], I found on PL 24, 

 green and blue coloured beads, of which it can only be said, that, judging from the illustation, they resemble 

 the New Guinea beads of the same colour. 



In the kalebûkub of the Palau Islands, relying on the descriptions and illustrations of 

 Kubary [1895, 1 — 28, PL I], I cannot discover any conformity with the simbôni, but the Palân-shape of 

 the yellow Barak money [1. c, figs. 7 and 12] shows an outward resemblance with the chrîs (N°. 685). Rouffaer 

 [1899, 521] also established the connection of thèse currency beads with the yellow muti salah. Kubary 

 [Le, 12] describes them as "a brimstone-coloured, very hard mass, with a shelly, dull fracture. The polished 

 planes show holes, which, filled up by dirt, give a finely checkered appearance to the surface". AU this 

 may also be said of chfïs; the additional note, however, that the material seems to exist of jasper, makes 

 any real resemblance impossible, because the New Guinea beads, known to me, are ail made of glass. The 

 greenish "olbiungl" of Kubary [1. c, figs. 20 and 27] has only a slight outward resemblance to the sâwa 

 (N°. 682) from Asé; in reality it is decidedly quite différent. 



As to Bornéo, Meyer [1884, 15*] already mentions beads, found on a human skull on the west 

 coast, which are described as having a dark blue colour and consequently remind one of the îsjâr (N°. 681) 

 from Tobâdi. Ling Roth [1896, II, 282 — 283] describes and illustrâtes a dark blue glass bead, found in 

 Bornéo, in a cave by Hart Everett, which bead has the true barrel-shape, so common with the dark blue 

 îsjâr. The Leyden Muséum possesses dark blue, transparent beads (Ser. 614, N°. 110), from Central Bornéo, 

 also exactly resembling the îsjâr; a string of threaded beads (Ser. 614, N°. 114; Bornéo [1907, II, 5]) 

 contains some that are quite conformable to the chrîs (N°. 685), with regard to their brimstone colour 

 and black dots. The resemblance between thèse blue and yellow beads from Central Bornéo and those 

 found in Humboldt Bay, is so perfect, that, when comparing them at Leyden, I carefully avoided an 

 accidentai confusion of the two collections, else I should by no means hâve been able to find the accurate 

 assortment again; — thèse are indeed the same beads! One of the strings (Ser. i2rg, N°. 248) contains 



