242 G. A. J. VAN DER SANDE. 



tree on a grave, but both objects shortly afterwards disappeared and were only repro- 

 duced from the high grass after pressing inquiries. It now turned out that thèse objects had 

 been captured on robbing and murdering expéditions to the south-west coast, and, as silent 

 witnesses of thèse crimes, were concealed. They therefore belong to the culture of the said 

 coast and are possibly used in the saine manner as communicated of the Tugeri (SCHMELTZ 

 [1904, 205]), namely, that at the beginning of the blow the stone is close to the hands, and 

 only by the sway moves on towards the thickened end, which highly increases the impetus 

 of the blow. To prevent the disk-shaped stone-head slipping back, on thèse clubs a plaited 

 band is attached to the handle (see also ANNUAL REPORT [1897 — 98, PL 6]). 



Wooden s w o r d s , with which the Tugeri eut off the heads of their slain enemies 

 (Pratt [1906, 44]), are not to be found on the north coast of Netherl. N. G., and the common 

 spear to the length of 8 — 12 feet, known of Eastern K. W. Land (HAGEN [1899, 173]), becomes 

 more scarce towards the Berlin Harbour district (PARKTNSON [1900, 29]). In Humboldt Bay 

 they are lacking; Van DER GoES [1S58, 173] says only they are very rare in H. B., the object 

 he describes, however, corresponds with the boar lance, which is a hunting-weapon (see 

 Chapter V, p. 155). 



Towards Geelvink Bay the lance again occurs more frequently, and thus the collection 

 contains some lances (N os . 740 — 743) of Wâri of heavy palm wood, and beautifully carved, like 

 those mentioned by DE CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 144, 145] of Korido, Abëré and Wosnik. 

 They were much prized by the inhabitants; who would not part with the finest spécimens. 

 It was said that the iron head was the work of the Wâri people themselves. Barbs made 

 in the wood of the lance, close to the iron head, prevent the attacked person from catch- 

 ing hold of the weapon ; otherwise the lance is octagonal or round, and generally ribbed 

 lengthways. The figures on N°. 741, hâve entirely the Geelvink Bay type. The lance of Inagoi 

 (N°. 744, PI. XXVII, fig. 42) has a striking resemblance to the one of Ansus [1. c, 145, 

 N°. 650, PI. XXVII, fig. 11]. Cérémonial lances, like those of the S. W. coast (Schmeltz 

 [1904, PL V, figs. 1 and 4], Van HERWERDEN [1906, PL X,d]), I hâve nowhere met with. 



The so-called man-catcher is not used, neither in K. W. Land (NACHRICHTEN [1888, 225]), 

 nor in Netherl. N. G., and the stone hatchet placed by Van DER Chys [1884, 192, N°. 3241] 

 amongst the weapons of H. B. is not intended hère for use in war. 



Bow and arrow in H. B., exactly as reported by Erdweg [1902, 324] of Tumleo, 

 form the real weapon for fighting at a distance. 



As far as the arrows are concerned, a System was at the time devised by SERRURIER 

 [1888, 1], based upon the shape and material of the arrow heads, and this is correct so far 

 as both, material and shape, are selected for its spécial purpose. Taught by expérience, I 

 would, however, like to see such a System only used for muséums, after the manner of BlRO, 

 and further recommend for every place a natural (Papuan!) classification, of which SERRURIER 

 also felt the want (see his second System). It moreover appears that there is no such thing as a 

 single Humboldt Bay type (SERRURIER [1. c, 13, PI. I, figs. 61 and 62]), or any other exclusively 

 local type, but that each place possesses as many kinds of arrow heads as necessitated by the 

 practical needs of warfare, chase or play. FlNSCH [1888 — 93, 214], who collected 16 kinds of 

 arrows of Attack Harbour, already laid stress on this, and merely recommended illustrations 

 to be made of ail the arrows of each place. Still peculiarities of technique and ornament may 



