ARMS. 243 



be characteristic of one territory or tribe, forming a "Stammeszeichen" (SCHMELTZ [1904, 222]). 

 So, for instance, it is a characteristic of the H. B. arrows, that both lower end of head and 

 upper part of shaft are covered by one and the same lashing, formed by a continuous twine 

 (lianar), whilst more to the west the lashing only surrounds the upper part of the shaft, deprived 

 beforehand of its epidermis. The seven members of the Papuan committee, who composed my 

 arrow classification of H. B., by such peculiarities of the lashings, the ornaments, etc., picked out 

 at first sight the foreign arrows, and further, barring différences in knowledge or memory, were 

 of one opinion as to the name and object of each arrow. I am giving of the H. B. arrows a 

 séries of illustrations (PI. XXVII, figs. 1 — 39), and a detailed description, limiting myself as to 

 the other places to a superficial review. It often turns out that arrows with the same shape 

 of head hâve a common name; on the other hand, arrows with differently shaped heads are 

 often designated by the same name, which furnishes another proof that the Papuan désignâtes 

 his arrows after principles diftering from those of the muséum System. The groups pabit and 

 zL'atu watu of Tobâdi, furnish clear évidences of this. 



I hâve not noticed in the territory visited, that arrows are traded away, as at Doré, 

 which imports them from Wiak (De CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 114]), but I myself 

 experienced the giving away of arrows as a token of friendship, notwithstanding I was willing 

 to pay for ail such ethnographica. HaGEN [1899, 176] mentions this giving away of arms to 

 friends, as the principal cause for the "Verschleppungen". 



The arrows consist generally of two component parts, the head of bamboo or palm 

 wood, either hardened in the fire or not, and the shaft, made of cane. Not seldom however 

 a foreshaft is introduced in between, and sometimes a spécial tip is fastened on to the 

 arrow head. 



One of the principles, according to which an arrow must be con- 

 structed, in order to dart through the air with the head foremost, is, that the centre ofgravity 

 must lie before the centre of air-resistance. Considering firstly the cane shaft, which of course 

 is a little thicker at one end than at the other, it will be clear, that the centre of air- 

 resistance is situated a little above the middle, towards the thicker end. The centre of 

 gravity however, will be found s'till more towards the thicker end, because air-resistance 

 increases proportionally the 2 nd power, and weight proportionally the 3 th power of the diameter. 

 Therefore with ail the arrows the thicker part of the shaft is foremost. For the same reason 

 arrow heads are made of palm wood of a high spec. grav. If, however, for some reason or 

 other, a lamella-shaped arrow head is wanted, for instance a bamboo head, which ofiers much 

 résistance to the air, and when dry, is moreover of a low spec. grav., one is obliged to 

 remove the centre of gravity artificially to the fore, by attaching a so-called foreshaft, 

 of heavy wood, to which the arrow head is now fastened (see PL XXVII, fig. 1). The fore- 

 shaft, called by BlRO [1899, 80] "Balancirglied oder Beschwerglied", by SCHMELTZ [1904, 218] 

 .Zwischenstuck", along which the narrow stem of the bamboo head is fastened, moreover, 

 by its stiffness prevents the brittle bamboo stem from breaking, whilst, lashed directly along 

 the flexible cane shaft, it would soon break by an occasional bending of the latter. 



Arrows for pig hunting are always provided with a bamboo head, making a 

 large wound, causing by the quick and profuse loss of blood an easily détectable track 

 and also preventing the wounded animal from escaping too far into the bush. Longitudinal 



