RELIGION. 303 



(De Clercq and Schmeltz [1893, 159]) to the east of Liki. Stone korwars (see Snelleman 

 [1906», 83]) were till now only found in Geelvink Bay, manufactured at Wandâmen. As far as the 

 animal figures are concerned, if thèse are really worshipped as ancestors (they often occur in the 

 ornamentation, in lineal or plastic représentation e. g. on the outside of the temple of Tobâdi 

 in a great many forms), then the cultus of ancestors has hère also great importance. But possibly 

 thèse animal figures represent, as MEVER [1S75, 30] learned from the mouth of the Papuans, 

 regarding the wooden korwars of Geelvink Bay, merely their value as a food. The 

 skulls and the dried bodies enjoy the vénération arising out of the remembrance of the 

 deceased person (ROBIDÉ VAN DER Aa [1879, 234]). The mats of the dead bodies which I 

 found in the houses of the Manikion (see p. 271), were ail so new and intact, that I could 

 nowhere get a glimpse of the contents, from which I conclude that the corpses, after some 

 time, when the memory of the dead has passed away with the living, are removed. 



A mulets or talismans, carried on the person, sometimes consist of simple pièces 

 of wood, of a kind which brings luck to the wearer; — even when a human face or a com- 

 plète human figure is carved on them, according to De CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 169] 

 they seldom or never refer to certain deceased persons, the placing of them amongst the 

 cultus of ancestors being in this case somewhat artificial. Teeth of crocodiles, nails of cassowa- 

 ries and similar objects count as talismans, each for its particular purpose. The amulets of 

 the collection (N os . 1321 — 29, PI. XXIX, figs. 26 — 28) do not differ from the forms already 

 published, but they come from places where they had not been collected before, also from 

 Angâdi. I hâve not seen any with the Manikion. N°. 1328 has a dress of larval covering. 

 The appendices occurring on the breast shields (N os . 389 — 391), the contents of the knitted 

 bag of the girdle N°. 421, and the figures of the prows (see also SCHMELTZ [1903, 243, 

 PI. XI, figs. 3 and 4]) hâve a talismanic meaning. 



The wooden figures of the collection (N° s . 566 — 571) I hâve never seen carried on 

 the body; they were mentioned as house ornaments (p. 148). Still PREUSS [1899, 24, PI. V, 

 figs. 1 and 2] calls wooden figures of H. B. "Ahnenbild". SCHMELTZ [1896, 128, PI. IX, fig. 5] 

 justly ascribes to a small image, offered as an "Ahnenfigur' ? of H. B., a more western origin. 

 PARKINSON [1900] and ERDWEG [1902] neither mention talismans, but FlNSCH [1888 — 93, 

 257, PI. 15] does take small wooden effigies, which he found more to the east, as such. 



Of totemism and animism in Papua Tâlandjang I did not find a trace; the influence 

 of sorcerers is also in Netherl. N. G. almost entirely restricted to the west. 



Amongst the musical instruments, the Jew's harp has only very recently 

 become known of Xetherl. X. G., of the north coast (SCHMELTZ [1903, 243]), made out of 

 bamboo, ornamented with burnt-in lines, and at the closed end provided with a small 

 string; a photo, kindly placed at m y disposai by the author, appears on PI. XXVIII, fig. 12. 

 On Lake Sentâni and in H. B. the expédition also met with thèse instruments (N°. 1272 — 75, 

 PI. XXVIII, figs. 13 and 14), but made of palmwood. Ail but one hâve the broadening at 

 the ends of the legs, which facilitate the grasp by the left hand, whilst with N°. 1272 

 (fig. 14) those ends are tied together. Jew's harps of German N. G. are made of bamboo 

 (on a spécimen of the Bismarck Mountains, now in the Berlin Muséum, the bamboo is kept 

 cylindrical at the closed end) or of palmwood (BlRO [1899, 58]); the latter sometimes with 

 the ends of the legs tied together, as also illustrated by FlNSCH [1888 — 93, 28, PI. 3] of the 



