332 G. A. J. VAN DER SANDE. 



not the case, as has been proved by the researches of many travellers. D'Albertis [iSSo, II, 12, 19] stated 

 this of people wearing the hair short; I myself shaved the whole head of a western Papuan and exa- 

 mined it with the help of another member of the expédition. We could not find that the hairs were 

 implanted in circles (Fritsch [1899", 46]), nor "die bekannten, uni verschiedene Centren sich herum- 

 windenden Spiralen" (Meyer [1874, 103]). According to Deniker [1900, 41] an even mode of implanting 

 is common to ail races, "at the most it may be noted that in Negroes the rows of hair are closer together 

 in certain places, leaving in other rows intervais between them of two or three millimètres" (see also 

 Unna [1896]). We found that on several places some 4 — 5 hairs appeared to form a tortuous row, 



as reported by De Mevere [1893, 120 — 127] of primates and 

 men, but for the rest the hairs proved, as was found by Maclay 

 [1873% 2 38]> t0 be evenly implanted. 



Unhappily, when doing away with the brush-like growth, 

 some people at the same time threw overboard the tufts, 

 and once being lost, Comrie [1877, 105] writes: "no trace of it 

 could be seen, although I frequently looked for it". Also Notes 

 and Queries [1899, 19] putting the questions: "Does it grow in 

 separate tufts? Or is it uniformly scattered over the hairy scalp?" 

 makes one suppose that the one necessarily must exclude the 

 other, whilst the Papuan hair, though evenly implanted, grows up 

 in tufts, the character of which I will describe. 



Hitherto various ternis hâve been used to indicate the peculiar 

 form of the Papuan hair, e. g. "frizzled", "woolly or twisted" 

 (EarlI. a), "frizzly" (Wallace [1869, II, 274], Haddon [1894, 253], 

 Seligmann [1906, 227]), "crisp, disposed in small or large ringlets 

 resembling wool" (Pruner-Bey [1877, 74]), "crisp and frizzly" 

 (Comrie [1877, 104]), "crisp, fine curry" (Moseley [1877, 385]), 

 "woolly" (Staniland Wake [1SS3, 198]), "less woolly", "with 

 broader spirals" than with the Negro (Deniker [1900, 285,288]); 

 "lanosa" (Beccari [1876,368]): "demi-laineux, très touffus" (Hove- 

 lacque and Hervé [1887, 597]); "buschelig-wollig", "in allen 

 Theilen gekrûmmt" (Biro [1899, 3]), "negerâhnliche Kràuselung" 

 (Hagen [1899, 158]), "kraus", "filzhaarig" (Parkinson [1900, 24]); 

 "gekroesd" (Van der Goes [1858, 117], De Clercq and Schmeltz 

 [1893, 10]), "gekruld maar niet wollig ' als bij de negers" (Van 

 Hasselt [1886, 577]). Most of thèse terms hâve référence to the 

 Fig. 205. Tuft-like tress of hair (maie). external appearance of the hair taken as a mass, but are not des- 

 criptive of the form of one single hair. In this sensé especially I 

 must object to the terni "woolly". It is known, and with the naked eye or with the aid of a magnifying 

 o-lass every one can see, that in good sorts of wool the single hair has a séries of waves, more or less 

 lying in a plane, ergo it is not curly, still less forming ringlets (according to Lôbner [1898, 94] under 

 the influence of the staple), but is simply wavy. 



To o-et a clear idea of the character of the hair, fuller descriptions are required, and one of the 

 shortest and clearest is that of Earl 1. c. : "the hairs if allowed to grow, twist round each other and form 

 spiral ringlets"; thèse he called tufts and adds that if "the ringlets are opened out by the hand and kept 

 "spread by the constant use of a sort of comb, the hair assumes a capacious, bushy appearance which has 

 "caused the people who adopt the latter practice to be called mop-headed Papuans". Subséquent authors 



