ANTHROPOLOGY. 



i -y ' 



gave the same description, using other words, like "tufts or curls" (Wallace [1869, II, 274]), "ringlets 

 quite separate from one another" (D'Albertis [1880,11,12]); "Locken, Strâhnen, Zotten" (Mever [1873, 

 307; 1S74, 103—105] also [1893, 27—32]), "Spirallocken" (Schellong [1891, 160]). They ail point, like 

 Fixsch [1S8S — 93, 184], to the fact that naturally the single hair forms a cork-screw, and that without 

 anv intervention of the wearer a number 

 of hairs wind together to form a tuft. Comrie 

 [1877, 104] also sawthe cork-screw ringlets, 

 but thought they were artificial, whilst 

 Prtjxer-Bey [1S77, 75] gave the opinion 

 that sorne Papuan tribes had tufts and 

 others were mop-headed, both by nature. 

 The very common occurrence that 

 the exaggeration of a natural, somatic cha- 

 racter is used for cosmetic purposes, leads 

 to the smearing of each spiral ringlet with 

 clay or other material, by which each tress 

 is kept quite separate. Such a tress of a 

 Humboldt Bay woman is seen in fig. 10 

 of PL VII. Very often the people may be 

 seen busy in separating their spiral ring- 

 lets, smearing them with fresh clay, and 

 from this several authors, mention ing thèse 

 "Lockenstrâhnen", "Kleistrengen", "ga/esi" 

 (Maclay [i873 a , 232], Finsch [1880, 41, 

 108, 362; 1888 — 93, 227], Parkixson [1890, 

 24], Hagen [1899, 168J), drew the con- 

 clusion that they were totally artificial. Van 

 der Goes [1858, 172] and Bine [1897, 

 162] erroneously thought that each tress 

 was previously plaited; on the contrary, 

 the natural spiral winding is properly fixed 

 inside the mass of clay, as is shown in 

 the spécimen from Humboldt Bay. Finally, 

 Krieger [1899, 138], who has mistaken 

 Meyer's meaning, gives anew the opinion 

 that the hair of the Papuan forms no 

 tufts at ail, again increasing the existing 

 confusion of ideas. 



My investigations confirm the 

 spiral winding of the single hair; the 

 inclination to form such spirals is so 

 strong that it is impossible by combing 

 or stretching ever to give it the appear- 



ance of sleek hair (VlRCHOW [1889, 127, 161]), and when out of curl by moisture, it again curls 

 on drying (Maclay [1873a, 234, note], VlRCHOW [Le, 127]). Now thèse hairs to a number 



Fig. 206. Mop-headed youth ; Manokwari. 



