34-0 



G. A. J. VAN DER SANDE. 



Papuans; even the extension of i cm. soldered on was not always sufficient. They also were 

 too wide at the back, and after the lengthening they could, in some instances, not be intro- 

 duced into the mouth. Of one boy (N°. 41) and ten adults I made plaster casts, which De 

 TERRA [1905a] already reported, and which will be referred to hère below. 



The length ofthe arc h of the lower jaw, measured as indicated by De Terra [1905, 2 and 3], 

 varies between 56.0 (N°. 9, PL XXXV) and 63.6 m.m. (N°. 20, PL XL), the average being 58.8 m. m.. In 

 the upper jaw the average is (if N°. 10 is excepted) 2.6 m. m. greater, varying from 58.3 (N°. 9) to 

 64.8 m. m. (N°. 24). In the case of this last man the row of the upper teeth, although normal bite, enar- 

 mosis (Grevers [1905, 555]), exists, reaches further backwards than the row of the lower teeth. This is 

 also the case with N°. 36, but hère combined with edge to edge bite, prosarmosis (Le). With N°. 10 

 (PL XXXV) the upper jaw is about 1 m. m. shorter than the lower, and the back part of the masticating 

 surface of M 3 stands free, thus forming an exception to the rule that M 3 strikes directly on M 3 . The arch 

 which in the upper jaw has generally the shape of a parabola, varies in width between 61.0 ni. m. in 

 N°. 10, and 70.3 m.m. in N°. 26, averaging 67.1 m. m., and is therefore just as large as that of the lower 

 jaw, always a hyperbola, which varies between the same amounts: 61.0 m.m. in N°. 10 and 70.3 m.m. 

 in N°. 46 (PL L). Consequently the arch-index (of De Terra) is smaller for the upper jaw than for 

 the lower. The first varies between 105.2 with N°. 10 and 114.7 with N°. 36, average 109.8, which 

 number lies between those given by De Terra [1905, 199] for Singhalese (108.0) and for Battak (110.03). 

 For the European it amounts to 124.97. f n the lower jaw minimum and maximum are (with the same 

 individuals) 107.0 and 121. o resp., average 114. 5, which agrées with that ofthe Togo Negro (114.2); for 

 the European 148.0 has been found (De Terra Le). It is worth noticing that with N°. 25 and N°. 36 

 the greatest width of the upper jaw was taken across M 2 M 2 , with N°. 41 even across M 1 M 1 . 



The dental length (mesio-distal molar length) of Flower [1885, 183] in the upper jaw varies 

 between 41.2 (N°. 10) and 49.9 m.m. (N°. 24), average 47.7 m.m.; in the lower jaw between 46.0 (N°. ro) 

 and 53.5 (N°. 46), average 50.5 m.m.; both numbers are higher than those given by Flower [Le, 186] 

 for Melanesians (45.2), Australians (45.9) and Tasmanians (47.5). Below are given the bucco-lingual and 

 the mesio-distal diameters ofthe teeth, next to those found by De Terra [1905, 22, 23] for récent Europeans. 





PAPUAN. 



EUROPEAN. 







Length. 



Width. 



Length. 



Width. 







Min. 



Max. 



Med. 



Min. 



Max. 



Med. 



Min. 



Max. 



Min. 



Max. 



First incisor l 



sup. 

 inf. 



8. 4 

 5-3 



9-4 

 6-3 



9.0 

 5-9 



S.i 

 6.9 



9.2 

 7.8 



8.6 

 7-3 



7-7 

 4-3 



9.8 

 6.0 



6.7 



5-7 



8.0 

 7.0 



Second incisov < 



sup. 

 inf. 



7-4 

 6.2 



8.1 

 7.6 



7-7 

 6.8 



6.8 



7.2 



8.1 

 S.o 



7-5 

 7-6 



5.8 

 5-o 



7.8 

 6.7 



5-5 

 5-7 



7-5 

 8.5 



Caninus < 



sup. 

 inf. 



8.2 

 6.9 



9.1 

 8.5 



8.5 

 7.6 



8.6 

 S.i 



10. 1 

 9.2 



9-4 

 8.6 



6.1 

 5-° 



9-3 

 6.8 



7.0 

 6.8 



9.9 

 9.8 



First premolar s 



sup. 

 inf. 



6.7 

 7-i 



9.0 

 8.7 



7-7 

 7-7 



9.8 

 8.4 



n.S 

 9-9 



10.S 

 9.1 



5.8 



5-5 



S.2 



S.o 



7.8 

 6.5 



II.O 



9-5 



Second premolar i 



sup. 

 inf. 



6.6 

 7-4 



8.2 

 9.2 



7.2 

 8.0 



9.2 

 8.6 



11.5 

 10. 1 



10.6 



9.2 



5-7 

 5-5 



7.8 



S.2 



7-5 

 7.0 



11.5 

 10. 1 



First molar 



sup. 

 inf. 



10.5 

 11.4 



12.S 

 I3- 1 



1 1.6 



12.2 



11. 2 

 10.7 



13.6 

 12.0 



12.5 

 11.6 



8.0 

 10.0 



11. S 

 12.0 



9.8 



9.0 



13-2 

 11. 5 



Second molar < 



sup. 

 inf. 



8.9 

 9.8 



11.9 

 12.4 



10.8 

 11. 2 



10.3 

 9-5 



14.1 

 12.4 



12.4 

 11.5 



7.0 

 9.0 



II.O 



11.6 



9-1 

 8.5 



13-9 

 11. 8 



Third molar \ 



sup. 

 inf. 



9-3 

 10.4 



12.8 

 12.7 



10.7 

 11. 7 



11.0 

 9.6 



13.8 

 12.6 



12. 1 

 11.4 



6.0 

 9.0 



II.O 



12.0 



7-5 

 8.9 



13-5 

 11. 8 



