342 G. A. J. VAN DER SANDE. 



the buccal. As appears from the table, in the upper jaw the molars gradually diminish in length as 

 well as in width, thus: M'>M ! >M 3 . In the eleven casts only two exceptions occur, namely with N°. 26 

 where the order is reversed, and with N°. 46 in which M l >M 3 >Mj. This latter relation is the rule for 

 the lower jaw (see PL XXX, fig. 13), aiso with two exceptions, namely with N°. 26 where M 3 >M'> M 2 

 and with N°. 20, where the condition of the upper jaw is found: ]Vf l > M 2 > M 3 . Lambert [1. c, 589] found 

 in Papuans of Waigeû the molars of equal size, or in the lower jaw M 2 a trifle larger than M 1 and M 3 . 



It must be remarked that whilst the first molars stand vertical, M 2 inclines slightly and M 3 in a 

 greater measure lingually, whilst in the upper jaw, in a compensatory way, the condition is reversed : M 2 

 is directed less, M 3 more buccally. The conséquence is that with abraded teeth, where the grinding surfaces 

 of premolars and molars offer an uninterrupted ribbon-shaped faciès, this surface is not only concave 

 below and convex above (see PI. XXX, figs. 10 and n), but is also distorted on a mesio-distal axis, in 

 such a manner that the plane of occlusion (Kirk [1900, 20, fig. 4 C] ) on the premolars and often 

 also on the first molars bevels outwards, on the second and third molars inwards, as described by 

 Spee [1890, 289]. 



The cusps of the molars are originally by no means low, in this respect they do not differ from 

 European molars (see also De Terra [1905, 90]). In 17 observations the formula of the cusps of the 

 lower molars has proved to be: 2x555, 7x5 4 5, 7x5 44 and 1x546. In n observations of the upper 

 molars: 5x444, 3x444(3, IX44I34I3 and 2X44I33. The n casts show moreover the a n t e r i o r trans- 

 versal groove 9X with M 2 and 8x with M 3 , the posterior groove 2x with M 1 and 2x with M 1 , but 

 hère only little developed and in Y- sna pe, in connection with the central groove. 



Carabelli's cusp is found twice, the homonymous groove 4 times on M 1 . — One M 3 carries 

 lingually, another buccally, an accessorial cusp. Interstitial cusps also are numerous with the 

 molars, with M 3 e. g. 8x 1 distal and 2x2 distal, with M 2 2 x 2 — 3 mesial ones. 



The frequency of the puise observed on 42 fullgrown men in erect posture 

 proved to differ a good deal, but by no means as physiology would hâve it (SCHÀFER [1900, 

 II, 101]), decreases with the increasing standing height of the individual. The tallest man 

 (N°. 29, PI. XLII), 17 12 m. m. tall, had exactly the highest puise rate (100), the slowest puise 

 (50) was found with N°. 14 (PL XXXVII), of little more than médium height (1640 m.m.), 

 and the shortest man (N°. 6, XXXIII), 1520 m.m., had a heart beat at the rate of 58. In 

 18 cases (= 43°/ ) the frequency taken in the day time between 10 and 4 o'clock, proved 

 to be 68 or less (1x50, 1x52, 2x58, 1x59, 4x60 etc.), in 24 cases (= 57°/ ) the frequency 

 was 72 or less and the average rate of the puise might therefore be expected to be below 

 this cipher. However, an average frequency of 73 is found, owing to the higher puise 

 frequencies which were caused by the nervousness of the moment. The Jabim (ScHELLONG 

 [1891, 168]) also hâve a low puise rate. At the S. W. coast, KOCH [1906, 209] found a rate 

 of 76.1 in standing and of 63.3 in horizontal posture. JOUSSET [1884, 95, PL IV and V] for 

 natives of the tropics gives rates from j6 to 86; among the whites and the Negroes of the 

 United States the puise has 74.8 and 74 beats resp. (DEXIKER [1900, 108]). 



The steepness of the ascending limb of the radial sphygmogram proves that the 

 systolic output is quick and vigorous. With a low puise rate (fig. 209, P = 65 ; the time- 

 marker records one-fifths of a second) the arterial pressure is, as shown by the high position 

 of the dicrotic wave and the great number (3 — 4) of minor waves, rather high; the oscilla- 

 tions of the wall of the artery hère sometimes number ± 10 per second. With a higher 

 puise rate (fig. 210; P = 77) the form of the curve indicates a moderate tension and elasticity 



