ANTHROPOLOGY. 357" 



nor the nasal cartilage (Van der Goes [1858, 29, 169], D'Albertis [1880, I, 86], Horst 

 [1889, 243], THOMSON [1892, 17]) which is perforated, but that the piercing is in reality 

 performed below the lower edge of this cartilage, between this and the medial extremities of 

 the cartilagines alares. With a graduai increase of the diameter of the nose peg the neces- 

 sary enlargement of the opening in an upward direction is prevented by the cartilaginous 

 septum, and in a backward direction by the bony upperjaw. Thus the thin lower border is 

 pressed downward and the fleshy tip of the nose is forced forward, ovving to which the ridge 

 of the nose often forms a concave line. This can easily be noticed in the drawing of FlNSCH, 

 also in N°. 15 of PL XXXVIII; from the lifting of the alae it is often possible to see through 

 the opening (see profiles in anthropological plates; also page 75 and MEYER [1874, fig. 5]). 

 The breadth of the nose measured over the extrême sides, therefore, is generally unnatural, — 

 N° s . 8 and 14 even hâve indices of 104. 1 and 106.7 resp.; — the nose of the women, a 

 moderate mesorrhine, is the typical in which, moreover, the relative height (see also 

 FRITSCH [1899, 159]) is greater than that of the maie nose. The shape of the nose mentioned 

 as Tapuan" by NOTES AND QuERIES [1899, 20, PL IV, fig. 8], is very seldom seen in the 

 north part of the Netherl. territory. 



Still rarer than the Semitic physiognomy is the Negro type in the parts visited by 

 the expédition, just as in K. W. Land (Hagen [Le, 158]). The tables show that the face 

 must be called mesoprosopic and that the judgment of KRIEGER [1899, 138] and Deniker 

 [1900, 493] that the Papuans hâve elongated faces cannot hold good for thèse parts. The 

 différences between inland and coast people, though small, are of the kind described by 

 HAGEN, the inhabitants of the interior having shorter and broader faces, the broadened 

 parotid région (see Hagen [1899, 159; 1906, PL 45], Schellong [1891, 170, 175]) 

 often being striking. With the Humboldt Bay people, on the other hand, the lower part of 

 the face not infrequently with the smaller bizygomatic and bigonial breadth forms a triangle, 

 so often shown in the wooden figures (see p. 284). The cheeks then converge like two 

 flattened surfaces towards the narrow chin (see also SCHELLONG [1. c. 173]). The face of the 

 women often has a nice, oval shape. 



The moût h of the Papuan is generally called large (COMRIE [1877, 105], HAGEN 

 [1899, 158]), also flabby (MACGREGOR [1897, 29]), even mouth openings of 75 — 80 m. m. are 

 reported (MACLAY [1873a, 241]). The largest dimension found by SCHELLONG [1891, 227] 

 is 66 m. m. ; in Humboldt Bay maies, though chewing in much practised, the maximum was 62, 

 médian 55 (ratio 3.4), with the females médian 51 m. m. (ratio 3.3), whilst with the maies 

 of Lake Sentâni the maximum was 64, médian 57 m. m. (ratio 3.6). FRITSCH [1899, 154] 

 gives for the European a relative length of 2.7. The lips are mostly moderately thick and 

 prominent, which fact principally dépends on (FORSTER [1904, 45]) the development of 

 the orbicular muscle. 



OSTEOLOGICAL CHARACTERS. A skull was found on the shore behind Ungrau, where 

 the people of this village deposit their dead ; the other skeletal parts originate from the small 

 islands near Wendèsi (see figs. 78 and 79, p. 133). Of this skull, without doubt a maie, the 

 lower jaw is missing and the lower part of the face not complète. 



The index-frontozygomaticus is calculated from bistephanic and bizygomatic breadth 

 The angles are taken according to the German horizontal plane. 



