CHAPTER I. 



INTRODUCTION. 



CONTENTS. 



The underlying Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. 

 The Quaternary formations. 



General statement. 



Origin. 



Principles involved. 



Complications. 



Application to New Jersey. 



THE UNDERLYING CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY FORMATIONS. 



The southern part of New Jersey south of the area where 

 the Newark series 2 comes to the surface is underlain by a suc- 

 cession of formations of Cretaceous and Tertiary age which dip 



1 The field work on which this report is based was completed in 1903. 

 The reconnaissance work was done by the senior author, but most of the 

 detailed work was done by Mr. Knapp. Other duties kept him from putting 

 the results of his field studies into written form until long after the field 

 work was completed. This report was prepared by the senior author chiefly 

 from Mr. Knapp's notes. The manuscript was completed in 1912. Various 

 reasons have caused delay in its publication. Preliminary report? regarding 

 these studies were, however, published in successive annual reports of the 

 State Geologist while the field work was in progress. The distribution of 

 the formations has been shown on the Geologic Map of the State, 1910-1912, 

 and also in part in several of the folios of the Geologic Atlas, already pub- 

 lished. 



For most of the details cited in this report, Mr. Knapp is responsible. 

 Not more than a small portion of the detailed facts which he gathered is 

 here presented. Only those who have tried to unravel the history recorded 

 in such doubtful terms, as in the surface sands and gravels of this region, 

 can appreciate the painstaking effort devoted by Mr. Knapp to the study. — 

 R. D. S. 



2 In general the southeastern limit of the Newark rocks follows closely the 

 main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, between Trenton and New Bruns- 

 wick. 



I QUAT (i) 



