92 Quaternary Formations of Southern New Jersey. 



it from a larger proportion of its original area on the higher 

 plain, for here its development was largely in valleys, and the 

 streams of later times have carried much of it away. 



It is quite possible that some remnants and patches of gravel 

 and sand interpreted as Pensauken, especially on the Woods- 

 town Plain, really antedate the time of principal Pensauken de- 

 position, being remnants of gravel accumulated on the surface 

 during the pre-Pensauken interval of erosion. Minor deposits, 

 as is well known, may be made on a surface where degradation 

 is the dominant process. 



Deposits south of Salem Creek. — South of Alio way, on the 

 divide north of Deep Run, and again west of Deep Run, i~y 2 

 to 2 miles southwest of Alloway, are considerable areas of sand 

 and gravel regarded as Pensauken. Smaller areas occur I and 

 2 miles east of Alloway, one on a low divide, and one on a 

 hilltop. In this vicinity, there is little distinctive material in 

 the Pensauken or in what is interpreted as Pensauken. The 

 material is largely of loam with some sand, and a thin bed of 

 gravel at the base. The coarser materials are of easterly origin. 

 The remnants are so disposed as to suggest that a mantle was 

 once widespread at an elevation of 6o feet or so in the vicinity 

 of Alloway, and 90 feet or so 3 or 4 miles farther east. The 

 material is classed as Pensauken chiefly on the basis of its topo- 

 graphic position. Its altitude and the isolation of the elevations 

 which it caps, are harmonious with the corresponding features 

 of the distinctive Pensauken farther north. The materials were 

 probably deposited by tributary streams after the Delaware had 

 begun the aggradation of its valley in the Pensauken epoch. Such 

 a filling in the main valley would have necessitated deposition 

 in the valleys of the tributaries. 



East of Alloway the material mapped as Pensauken is mostly 

 sand derived from the Cohansey formation, reworked and rede- 

 posited; but locally the Miocene clay of the region has con- 

 tributed much to the formation. 



In places, as northeast of Alloway, the materials interpreted 

 as Pensauken are disposed in elongate patches, perhaps repre- 

 senting the former courses of streams. As a result of later 

 erosion, these old stream courses, with their deposits of sand 



