94 Quaternary Formations of Southern New Jersey. 



"Bullshead" bowlders are scattered over the surface at some 

 points between Manning-ton and Salem creeks, and in places they 

 have been gathered into considerable piles. They are relics of 

 the Miocene sand which once covered the region, and which was, 

 in spots, cemented into quartzite. Occasional bowlders are 3 feet 

 in diameter, as southeast of Halltown. 



In the patches of Pensauken gravel about Big Mannington 

 Hill, 4 miles north of Alloway, there are slabs of conglomerate, 

 the conglomerate containing pebbles of quartz, chert and sand- 

 stone, cemented by iron oxide, and clearly derived from the 

 Bridgeton or the Beacon Hill formation. 



Between Salem and Raccoon creeks. — Between these creeks 

 the Pensauken gravels and sands lie mostly between the levels 

 of 50 and 80 feet at the west, but rise eastward to levels of 100 

 feet or so within 4 to 6 miles. The formation is in patches only, 

 and the smaller patches are mostly on low swells near the streams, 

 somewhat below the level of the divides. 



A considerable bed of Pensauken occurs just north of Woods- 

 town at an altitude of about 60 feet. The material consists of 

 sand from the Kirkwood formation to the north and east, and 

 gravel and sand from the Cohansey and Bridgeton beds to the 

 east. The materials are so distinctive as to make identification 

 of their sources easy. They might have been brought to their 

 position by Salem Creek and its tributaries, or by streams fol- 

 lowing the general courses of the creeks named. A section here 

 shows : 



3) 2 feet of pebbly yellow loam (post-Pensauken), or a weathered 



product of 2. 

 2) 6 feet of compact red brown sand, gravel and loam. 

 1) 3 feet coarse sand, with grains slightly coated with clay, giving 

 the whole a somewhat arkose appearance. 



The relations of the Pensauken here to the Bridgeton are shown 

 in Figs. 16 (p. 40) and 43 (p. 136). 



Toward the creek the formation runs down to the Cape May 

 level (to 50 feet, and possibly to 30). and where this is the case 

 the two formations are distinguished by constitution only (Figs. 

 16, 43). In places the Cape May laps up over the Pensauken, 



