ioo Quaternary Formations of Southern New Jersey. 



scarp which was irregular, and much broken by the valleys 

 which came down from the southeast. The existence of pre- 

 Pensauken valleys coming down from the Woodstown Plain to 

 the Swedesboro Plain is shown by the disposition of the Pen- 

 sauken beds, which decline toward Timber Creek and Coopers 

 Creek from both sides. This relation is less evident along 

 Mantua Creek, and this valley was probably less developed. The 

 arkose gravel went up the valleys of Coopers Creek and Timber 

 Creek to a slight extent. 



On the whole, the evidence seems to indicate that the pre- 

 Pensauken surface had a well-developed drainage system, with 

 valleys as steep-sided as those of today. There is one such 

 steep slope where the Cretaceous surface falls away from 80 

 feet, near Bell Mawr Station, to 30 feet in the south bank of 

 Little Timber Creek, a distance of one-fourth mile. At other 

 places in the vicinity of Bell Mawr, the surface of the Creta- 

 ceous has equally steep slopes in such relations as to indicate 

 that the slopes were pre-Pensauken. 



Such evidence as is available indicates that the valleys of the 

 tributaries were hardly as deep as now, while the valley of the 

 Delaware was quite as deep. At Haddonfield, no Pensauken 

 valley could have been lower than 40 feet, while at Wenonah, a 

 valley may have existed down to 20 feet. 



Between Mantua and Coopers creeks there are considerable 

 areas of arkose Pensauken. The principal ones are southwest 

 of Woodbury (west of Tatems at 50 to 70 feet), north of 

 Woodbury (at 40 to 70 feet), at North Woodbury (at 40 to 

 70 feet), between Big and Little Timber creeks a mile south of 

 Mount Ephraim (at 50 to 80 feet), and between Mt. Ephraim 

 and Haddonfield, where it reaches up to 120 feet. In all these 

 areas, the Pensauken rises to the east. The slope of the Swedes- 

 boro Plain was from 60 feet at the scarp in the vicinity of 

 Woodbury, to 20 near the Delaware, and from 80 feet near 

 Haddonfield, to 30 near the Delaware northwest of that point. 



The Pensauken formation underlies the main part of Wood- 

 bury, and varies much in composition from point to point. 

 Near Magnolia Grove, 7 feet of gravel and sand overlie 8 feet 



