Caps May Formation — Local Details. 177 



The most distinctive thing about the Cape May formation 

 between Bordentown and Florence is the absence of gravel of 

 glacial origin. The rilling of the Delaware Valley in the Cape 

 May epoch, it will be remembered, was effected by ( 1 ) material 

 brought down the Delaware, and (2) material brought in by 

 tributaries to that stream. The central part of the valley re- 

 ceived more of the sediment brought down the Delaware, and 

 the sides more of that contributed by the tributary streams. The 

 Cape May material on the east side of the river from Borden- 

 town to Florence is of the latter sort. 



Below Bordentown the filling of the Delaware seems, not to 

 have built the bottom of the valley up to 60 feet. From a 

 maximum of 60 feet at Bordentown, the surface of the de- 

 posits of the epoch declines to about 40 feet at Florence. This 

 may represent approximately the level of the sea during the 

 later part of the epoch. 



About Fieldsborough and Florence, the lowland along the 

 Delaware, mostly below 40 feet, is covered with loam, 3 to 6 

 feet deep, much of which is heavy enough for brick. It is 

 underlain by sand and gravel in some places, and its surface is 

 more or less covered by eolian sand, as near Stevens Station. 

 The loam is best developed at elevations of about 30 feet. At 

 Fieldsborough and Kinkora there are extensive excavations at 

 the brick yards, where the surface clay, which here replaces the 

 usual loam, as well as the Cretaceous clay below, is used for 

 brick. The surface clay overlies gravels of Cape May age. 

 About a mile southwest of Kinkora a characteristic section shows : 



3) 4 to 6 feet of eolian sand. 

 2) 5 to 7 feet of black clay. 

 1) 1 foot of Cape May sand. 



The altitude of the surface here is about 30 feet above sea 

 level, and the clay, which seems from its position to be the equiva- 

 lent of the surface loams prevalent in the vicinity, is the last 

 phase of the Cape May deposits here. Its exceptionally clayey 

 character here and at few other points below, suggests slack 

 water in spots at least during the epoch. Conditions for such 

 deposits might arise just above the mouths of in-flowing streams 

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