178 Quaternary Formations of Southern New Jersey. 



which brought in more sediments than the main stream could 

 carry away promptly. 



East of Florence, the Cretaceous is exposed at many places 

 at elevations of 30 to 40 feet, but covered generally by Cape 

 May gravel and sand, overlain by loam or eolian sand, or both. 



Along the Delaware; Florence to Burlington. — 'Below Flor- 

 ence the area of the Cape May formation expands, and has a 

 width of 2 to 3 miles, down to the mouth of Pensauken Creek. 

 Gravel brought down the Delaware by glacial waters appears in 

 this part of the valley. 



A mile southwest of Florence and about half a mile back 

 from the Delaware, a gravel pit in a low knoll at an elevation of 

 about 30 feet shows 6 feet of gravel and sand, with many 

 cobblestones. A third of the cobbles are of the type brought 

 down the Delaware in the last glacial epoch, — granite, and bluish 

 and blackish disc-like pebbles of argillaceous and arenaceous 

 rock. Other excavations show characteristic Trenton gravel. 

 The known depth of the gravel varies from 3 to 30 feet or more. 



In and about Burlington, excavations to and even below sea 

 level show gravel which is coarse in many places, with numerous 

 cobbles, and many dark-colored (blue, grey, and black) pebbles 

 of argillaceous and arenaceous rock, in the form of discoid 

 pebbles. The sand accompanying has the black and red grain's 

 never seen east of the Delaware Valley. The sand has a greyish 

 cast, unknown in southern New Jersey outside this valley. The 

 same sort of gravel is found in the south bank of Assiscunk 

 Creek, a mile and a quarter from the Delaware. 



A mile northeast of Burlington and half a mile southwest of 

 Stevens, at an elevation of 40 feet, there are fully 30 feet of 

 Cape May gravel and sand, going down nearly or quite to sea 

 level. The upper part of the deposit is of eastern materials, 

 but the lower part contains gravel which came down the main 

 valley. 



Two miles east of Burlington, near the old York road, well- 

 stratified sand, with sharp cross-bedding, is seen, but all of it is 

 of local (eastern) origin. Glacial material seems not to have 

 reached so far east. 



