184 Quaternary Formations of Southern New Jersey. 



local terraces at Smithville and Birmingham at 50 feet, and 

 indistinct terraces probably of the same age, at Pemberton and 

 New Lisbon at higher levels. Sand and loam, perhaps blown 

 up from the Cape May level, overspread higher lands. 



The left bank of the North Branch of the Rancocas is bordered 

 from Pemberton to Mount Holly by a low ridge of sand similar 

 to that in corresponding positions along Crosswicks, Blacks, and 

 Doctors creeks. At Birmingham, the sand has been extensively 

 worked for use in asphalt paving. It is coarse, sharp, of uni- 

 form grain, and very free from earthy matter. It forms a low 

 ridge, the top of which is 60 to 80 feet above sea level. Its 

 relations are the same as those of the sand along the south side 

 of Crosswicks Creek at Crosswicks, and Blacks Creek at Ches- 

 terfield. These peculiar sands appear in other valleys above the 

 point where the Cape May terraces are well developed. 



Over broad areas at levels of about 60 feet in the vicinity of 

 Pemberton, there is a covering of 3 to 10 feet of sand, gravel, 

 and loam, of uncertain correlation, but apparently largely of 

 Cape May age. It does not constitute a terrace, but a general, 

 flatland covering. It is not much exposed, and its relations are 

 not firmly established. 



On the south slope of Arneys Mount, at an elevation of 150 

 feet, there is a considerable thickness (20 feet or so) of glau- 

 conitic loam and sand. Similar loam in much lesser quantity is 

 found on other parts of the slopes of this mount, lying on 

 Miocene sand. Its relations are the same as those of the green 

 loam in the vicinity of Jacobstown and Sykesville, and its origin 

 is doubtless the same. Farther north similar loam extends along 

 the divide from Jacobstown to Sykesville, and thence to Spring- 

 field and Fountain Green. Within this general area, it reaches 

 levels of 180 to 200 feet, without having well-defined limits. It 

 is probably eolian, though the heaviness of the loam at many 

 places does not at first suggest this origin. 



In the basin of the South Branch of Rancocas Creek, the Cape 

 May formation has greater development. It covers most of the 

 area below 50 feet on both sides of the stream and its tributaries, 

 and rises little up stream for considerable distances because 



