1 86 Quaternary Formations of Southern New Jersey. 



were added to the materials from younger formations brought 

 down from above. Glauconitic is the contribution of the Cre- 

 taceous most easily recognized. 



As the valley was aggraded by its stream, the side drainage, 

 including general slope wash, was depositing its appropriate 

 materials along the edges of the valley bottom at the bases of 

 the valley slopes. This material was more strictly local. Thus 

 it happens that in the central part of the valley at Eayrstown 

 and Lumberton, much of the material was from the Miocene and 

 younger beds above, while along| the sides, more was derived 

 from the Cretaceous. 



Up stream, as at Chairville, the Cape May deposits run up to 

 the level of Pensauken or post-Pensauken deposits, and become 

 difficult of differentiation. As the valleys become narrower, the 

 formation is less well developed, and merges into modern deposits. 



Lumberton loam. — Years ago foundries began using loam 

 obtained from the vicinity of Lumberton. It was obtained 

 chiefly north of Lumberton, just beneath the soil which was 

 stripped off to the depth of 4 to 6 inches. The value of the 

 loam for this purpose was so great that foundry interests now 

 control much land about Lumberton. In places the soil which 

 is stripped off is replaced after the loam beneath is removed, and 

 tillage goes on as before. This loam is found at the Cape May 

 level, but is not so confined. It is dug- to some extent up to 

 levels of 80 feet. While not confined to the Cape May forma- 

 tion, therefore, it is characteristic of that formation, and appears 

 to be connected with it in origin. 



Szvedes Run and Pompeston Creek. — Up Swedes Run, the 

 Cape May formation rises to 50 feet or so a mile above Chester- 

 ville. Where the valley opens out into the Delaware lowland 

 there is a terrace of 20 feet of gravel and sand on the south bank 

 of the stream, at a level of 35 feet. Terraces at similar levels 

 occur elsewhere along- this run. 



The phenomena in Swedes Run are duplicated in the valley 

 of Pompeston Creek, whose Cape May deposits connect with 

 those of Pensauken Creek east of Parry. The benches along 



