1 88 Quaternary Formations of Southern New Jersey. 



enters from the northward ; also- south of Mapleshade and below 

 the Moorestown water works. 



The formation continues up the valley nearly to Cropwell 

 where it reaches an altitude of 70 to 80 feet, but its upper limit 

 is not well defined. 



The left banks of both branches of Pensauken Creek are steep, 

 and the right ones rise gently. The left banks, however, do not 

 have distinct ridges of sand, like the valleys of Rancocas and 

 Crosswicks Creeks. 



The divide between the two branches of the creek west of the 

 Moorestown-Ellisburg pike has a distinctly undulatory topo- 

 graphy, at the 40 to 60-foot level. The region is underlain by 

 a clay member of the Cretaceous, — the type of formation which 

 underlies other areas of comparable topography. 



Delaware Valley — Pensauken Creek to Coopers Creek. — Be- 

 tween these creeks the Delaware lowland is very narrow, and 

 from Delaire to Pavonia nearly wanting most of the way. Below 

 Pavonia the lowland and the Cape May formation expand, ex- 

 tending broadly up Coopers Creek to Cooperstown, and covering 

 the lowland nearly to the headwaters of Newton Creek. The 

 area of the formation along the Delaware narrows again between 

 Big Timber and Little Timber Creeks. 



The upper limit of the Cape May formation is not well 

 defined everywhere, though at some points there is a topographic 

 break which is assumed to mark its limit. It is not disposed in 

 the form of a terrace or well-defined flat, and its surface has been 

 somewhat modified by wind; but from Pavonia to Westville 

 it covers the surface generally up to elevations of 40 feet or so. 

 This may be looked upon as its normal level in the Delaware 

 Valley here. At lower levels its surface has been degraded. 



Coopers Creek. — Up. this valley the formation rises from 40 

 feet near the Delaware, to 50 at Haddonfield, 70 at Gibbsbor- 

 ough, and even a little higher near the headwaters of some of 

 the tributary streams. The material is disposed to some extent 

 in the form of terraces, as 3 miles from the Delaware on the 

 south side of the stream. The base of the formation here is 

 below sea level, and its top about 20 feet above ; but it is doubt- 



