I 9° Quaternary Formations of Southern New Jersey. 



it extends eastward to Laurel Springs and Clementon, and 

 northward to Magnolia, reaching an altitude of nearly ioo feet. 



A mile and a half east of Westville, the Cape May gravels 

 and sands are well developed where a small tributary comes in 

 from the south. The narrow belt between Big Timber Creek 

 and Beaver Brook appears to be of the same sort of material. 

 At Chews Landing and below, on the right bank of the North 

 Branch, there is a Cape May terrace, with 10 to 15 feet of 

 sand and gravel. A mile above Chews Landing the terrace 

 is lower, — probably not retaining the original surface of the 

 formation. 



A mile above Chews Landing, the Cape May material is seen 

 to be loose, clean sand, with a little gravel scattered through it, 

 the whole well stratified. East of Chews Landing, there is a 

 nearly continuous series of terraces (really one terrace inter- 

 rupted by erosion), but exposures are few. At Laurel Springs 

 and Garden Lake, the deposit is thin, and not sharply limited. 

 Similar deposits border Otter Brook, rising to 60 to 70 feet. 



A terrace of the same formation appears on the right bank of 

 the lower part of Almonesson Creek, and in the main valley to 

 the east. It is well developed just above the junction of the 

 North and South Branches of Big Timber Creek, where its ma- 

 terial has a thickness of 20 to 30 feet, and its upper surface a 

 height of about 50 feet. In constitution it is very like the sand 

 and gravel at Westville. 



At Mechanicsville 20 feet of gravel and sand form a terrace 

 whose surface is 50 feet above tide. Above Greenlock, Cape 

 Miay sands and gravels rise to the Pensauken level, and the 

 separation of the two becomes uncertain or impossible on topo- 

 graphic grounds. Much of the material in the upper parts of 

 the valleys seems to have been brought to the valley by side 

 wash, rather than by the current of the main stream. 



The terrace remnants show that Timber Creek Valley was 

 filled to 30 feet at Westville, to 40 feet at Clements Bridge, to 

 60 feet at Blackwood, and to about 70 feet at Turnersville, 

 Clementon, and Laurel Springs. Loam, as the last phase of the 

 formation, is less conspicuous here than along most of the 



