Geology and Mineralogy. 131 



the early stages but develop costaa at a later period ; Pustula, 

 genotype P. pustulosis Phillips, with decidedly spinose forms ; 

 Bwxtonia, genotype P. scabriculus Martin, which is costate and 

 spinose in the young and adult stages and only spinose in old 

 age: Overtonia, genotype P. fimbriatus Sowerby, which is based 

 upon internal peculiarities of the dorsal valve. The new generic 

 names other than Pustula are taken from place names, and no 

 one but an Englishman will discern their significance ; authors 

 nowadays often resort to this easy method of coining new generic 

 names, thus avoiding possible conflict with an older significant 

 name, a practice that is making of our binomial nomenclature a 

 senseless jargon. About one-half of the work is devoted to the 

 description of species of Pustula, and Overtonia fimbriata 

 (Sowerby). c. s. 



5. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, Bel. 1, Heft S. September, 

 1911. — The third number of this periodical arrived in New Haven 

 November 25, 1914. It contains, besides the proceedings, con- 

 stitution, list of officers and members of the society, book reviews, 

 etc., the following papers : (1) On the phylogeny of the shell of 

 turtles and on the relationship of the soft-shelled turtles {Dermo- 

 chelys coriaeea), by J. Versluys ; (2) On the Clymenias and 

 goniatites, by JD. Sobolew ; (3) A large Pterygotus [tail piece 

 only], and (4) Lodanella mira, an Edriocrinid, by O. Jaekel, both 

 from the Lower Devonian of the Rhine ; (5) Progress and results 

 of the Berlin expedition to Tendaguru, East Africa, by E. Hen- 

 nig [about $58,000 has been spent in the field] ; (6) On the signifi- 

 cance of our new (German) laws regarding excavations in relation 

 to paleontological discoveries, by O. Jaekel. 



The Zeitschrift will be continued, but while the war lasts can 

 not be sent to foreign countries. c. s. 



6. Topographic and Geologic Survey Commission of Penn- 

 sylvania, Report No. 10, 19 IS. Pp. 81, plates I-XXXII. The 

 Broad-Top Coalfield ; by James H. Gardner. Map in separate 

 case. — The fact that the coals of the isolated Broad-Top area dif- 

 fer in character from the anthracite deposits further east, although 

 both districts lie within the belt of Appalachian folding, has fre- 

 quently been noted. The explanation given by Mr. Gardner is 

 that the metamorphism at Broad-Top was the less intense because 

 in the anthracite basins the bituminous beds were at greater 

 depth during the period of folding. The decrease in fuel ratios 

 from 12*04 to 1*0 with decrease in degree of metamorphism for 

 points in Pennsylvania is clearly indicated in Plate XXVII. The 

 interpretation of the structure of this field possesses interesting 

 features aside from its economic aspects. In the absence of geo- 

 logic information, mining in this field has been marked by many 

 failures, which have given rise to the belief that the coal is 

 nearly exhausted. In the author's opinion the field is capable of 

 an annual increase in production for many years to come. 



H. E. G. 



