504 II. E. Gregory — Formation and Distribution of 



and in relatively shallow water, the distribution of gravel along 

 existing shores may be examined following the list based on 

 age and initial form, as given by Gulliver. 



Initial Profile Over-fiat. 



1. Youth. — On the Argentine shore at Bahia Camarones, 

 gravel is charted in 23 fathoms of water at distances of 4 to 

 8 miles from shore. 



2. Adolescence. — On the south shore of Long Island gravel 

 is indicated on the Hydrographic Charts at depths of 15 and 13 

 fathoms at a distance from the shore line of about 10 miles and 

 at points nearer the coast. Off the JNew Jersey coast at 

 Barnegat, gravel is charted 9J miles from the shore in 15 

 fathoms of water, and at Cape Henlopen, 13 miles from shore 

 at a depth of 17 fathoms. 



3. Maturity. — The material on the shore adjoining the west 

 coast of France is indicated as prevailingly sand, but gravel is 

 indicated off the mouth of the Loire in 26 fathoms of water. 

 The character of sea bottom is not shown on the maps of 

 eastern Italy examined. 



Initial Profile Over-steep. 



1. Youth. — On the California shore, off San Pedro Point, 

 gravel is found in 15 fathoms of water at a distance of less than 

 2- miles from the water's edge. Off the coast of Southwest 

 Ireland sand covers the bottom except at the immediate shore 

 line. Gravel in 60 fathoms of water at one point off Loop 

 Head is interpreted as belonging to a previous cycle. 



2. Adolescence. — On the Pacific coast of Lower Calif ornia^ 

 the outermost gravel is shown off Lagoon Head Anchorage, 

 4-J- miles from shore, at a depth of 20 fathoms ; between Play a 

 Maria Bay and Rosalia Point no gravel is indicated beyond 

 depths of 28 fathoms, and 4 miles from shore. On the Baltic 

 shore of Germany gravel is indicated at depths of 30 fathoms 

 and less. 



3. Maturity. — On the Italian shore near Leghorn, no gravel 

 is shown beyond a depth of 7 fathoms ; between Brindisi and 

 Ortona gravel is found inside the 30-fathom contour and one 

 mile from the shore line. 



The facts deduced from these shore profiles are not in them- 

 selves conclusive, since " gravel " is not a definitive term, and 

 also because soundings have obviously not been made for the 

 benefit of physiographers. Moreover, probably all these shores 

 have experienced more than one physiographic cycle. The 

 measurements, however, indicate that gravel derived from 

 existing coasts is rarely found in more than 20 to 30 fathoms 

 of water, and they gain added significance from the fact that 



