BIO E. C. Andn ws — The Geological History of tin 



similar climatic conditions, and protected in each ease by 

 barriers from severe outside competition, they rapidly deployed 

 into fresh tribes, and subtribes, with the production of great 

 vigorous and aggressive endemic genera, genera also which have 

 always been endemic. The absence of the placentals in Aus- 

 tralia affords some measure of the duration of the period of 

 isolation of Australia, while New Zealand was isolated much 

 earlier. 



The cases of the Proteacea?, Composite, Ericaceae, Epacrida- 

 ceae, Campanulacese (with Lobeliaceae), Restiaceae, and Liliaceae, 

 may now be discussed briefly. , 



(2) Proteacece. 



This family is divided into 2 suborders and 7 tribes, contain- 

 ing 50 genera and about 1,100 species. 



Of these, Australia has about 700 species, in more than 30 

 genera in 7 tribes, in 2 suborders. ISTew Zealand has 2 species 

 in 2 genera in 2 tribes. ]^ew Caledonia has about 30 species 

 in about 6 or 7 genera and several tribes. South Africa has 

 about 275 species in 10 genera in 2 tribes, in 1 suborder. 

 Tropical Asia has about 30 species in 1 genus in 1 tribe, and 

 South America, mainly Tropical America and Chili, has about 

 65 species in about 7 genera in a couple of tribes, in one sub- 

 order. Although the suborders Xucunientaceae and Folliculares 

 are both abundant in Australia, the African species all belong 

 to Xueumentaceae and the Asiatic and American types all belong 

 to Folliculares. 



Berry, in an important and comprehensive paper, 25 supplies 

 convincing evidence for the great radiation of the Proteaceae in 

 the mild and moist climate of the Cretaceous, with survivals of 

 the family to-day mainly in the southern hemisphere. Ben- 

 tham 2G was inclined to deny the existence of Proteaceae as fossils 

 upon general botanical principles and Engler 27 wrote "Die 

 fossilien, gefliigelten Eriichte, wer fiir Samen der Proteaceen 

 gehalten warden, konnen sich zu den Conifera?, Meliacese, 

 Sapindacea?, gehoren." The fossil fruits and leaves referred to 

 by the various writers mentioned in the previous paragraph 28 



a E. W. Berry, The Affinities and Distribution of the Lower Eocene Flora 

 of South Eastern North America. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, vol. liii, no. 214, 

 pp. 157-164, 1914. 



28 G. Bentham. Presidential address. Linn. Soc. London, 1870. 



-' Ensrler and Prantl, Pflanzenf ami lien. III Teil, 1 Hiilfte. 



28 Ettingshausen, Die Proteaceen der Vorwelt, Jahxbueh der K. K. geol- 

 ogische Reiehsanstalt, vol. i. Vienna, 1881. Ibid., Wiener Zeitung, 21 

 March, 1880. Entdeckung des neuhollandischen Charackters der Eocenflora 

 Europas. Vienna, 1862. Unger, Neuholland in Europe, Vienna, 1861. Saporta 

 (Marquis de), Flore fossile du Portugal, Lisbon. 1894. Newberry. J. S., 

 Fossil Flora of the Ambov Clavs. United States Geol. Survev, Washington, 

 1894. Berry, E. W., op. cit., pp. 157-164. 



