146 GEOLOGY OF ILLINOIS. 



On the land of Geo. Phifer, in sec. 31, T. 6 N., E. 2 E., there are several 

 chalybeate springs issuing from the sands of the drift, and Mr. P. says 

 that they always have the same flow of water. In the hills soulh of 

 Vandalia there are a good many fine springs of mostly very pure and 

 clear water. 



In the north part of the county, the wells are 12 to 18 feet deep, witli 

 weak veins of water. A well on Eock creek prairie was dug 39 feet and 

 plenty of water obtained. 



One mile south of Vandalia a well was dug 30 feet, mostly through 

 sand with some clay at the top, and plenty of water procured. On a 

 hill, at an elevation of about forty feet above, another well was dug 

 CO feet deep, through similar material, with no water; near the latter, 

 another was dug 65 feet deep, mostly passing through sand, to water. 

 A half mile north is another well, 30 feet deep, through clay and sand, 

 with plenty ot water. 



Antiquities. — There are a good many ancient mounds of human con- 

 struction in this county ; a few near Vandalia, some on Hurricane 

 creek, and some near Ramsey. But few of them have been opened. I 

 obtained only a few flint arrowheads and a stone hatchet made of sieuite, 

 and picked up a few broken fragments of pottery near the site of a 

 mound that had been opened. 



A particular examination of these mounds might develop some inter- 

 esting relics. 



In conclusion I would state that I am under many obligations to Mr. 

 Tetis Greathotjse, of Vandalia, for assistance in furnishing maps, 

 and am also particularly indebted to Dr. G. W. Bassett, of the same 

 place, for assistance in making collections, in getting information, and 

 for spending several days in assisting me. 



Note. — Since the foregoing report was made by Mr. Beoadhead, a 

 shaft was sunk at Vaudalia to the depth of 377 feet 3 inches, and a bor- 

 ing from the bottom of the shaft to a total depth of about 574 feet. 



The following section of this shaft and boring was furnished by Dr. 

 G. W. Bassett, of Vandalia : 



Ft. In. Total. 



No. 1. Soil and yellow clay, sand, gravel, bowlder clays and quicksand (drift) 94 6 



No. 2. Hard sandstone 1 2 93 8 



No. 3. Dark, sandy, clay shale 6 3 10111 



No. 4. Clayshale 4 3 106 2 



No. 5 Black shale 10 2 11G 4 



No. 6. Dark gray shale 7 4 12.1 8 



No. 7 Coal, No. 10 10 124 fi 



No. 8. Firoclay ; 8 9 133 3 



No. 9. Hard gray shale, with iron nodules...: 17 150 3 



