EFFINGHAM COUNTY. 177 



On National road, 3 miles west of Ewington : 



Ft. 



1. Brown clay fi 



2. Brown clay and gravel ti 



3. Sand and gravel, blue and brown clay and gravel in a tolerably even bed, partly formed into a 



conglomerate 6 



4. Drift of sand and bowlders, some of the latter very large 25 



In sections 17 and 30, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., there are regular beds of ferru- 

 ginous drift conglomerate 2 to 3 feet in thickness. In the first named 

 locality a coral was found of Lower Silurian age. 



Six miles north-west of Effingham a pocket of black clay was observed, 

 resembling the black humus deposits of the drift mentioned in my report 

 of Moultrie and Macon counties. 



A citizen of Effingham engaged in well digging gave me the following 

 geueral section of wells : 



Ft. 



1. Soil and snbsoil 1 



2. White, buff and bine olay (loess?) 10 



3. Bed clay and gravel — hard-pan 3 to 4 



4. Hard-pan, blue or gray clay and gravel, as much as 24 feet, general average 12 



5. Sometimes black clay. 



He generally found good streams of water in the sand and gravel 

 beneath the hard-pan, lumps of coal and pieces of wood were found at 

 twenty feet from the surface. One well at Effingham, forty-four feet 

 deep, had brown and black clay at the bottom and afforded plenty of 

 water. 



The surface of this county, like that of others which I visited, gave 

 evidence of having once been much higher than at present, and the few 

 low mounds scattered over the county are not connected, as we fouud 

 them in other counties, but are isolated, often many miles apart. 



Coal Measures . 



There are 285 to 300 feet of upper Coal Measure rocks in this county ; 

 the highest beds about 190 feet above the highest rocks of Shelby 

 county. They include the horizon of three coal beds, viz : 15, 16 and 

 17. The following is an approximate section of the beds in this county: 



Ft. In 



1. Sandstone and sandy shale, npperpart gray, middle brown with plants 60 



2. Bituminous shale and septaria 6 



3. Dark clay shale 4 



4. Shales and nodular limestone, fossils 1£ 



5. Bine and olive shales 5 



6. Gray sandstone and sandy shale 26 



7. Dark shale and thin beds of gray limestone 5 



8. CoalNo.17 6 



9. Fire-e!ay 5 



10. Mostly bnff sandstone 12 



11. Clay and calcareous shales, fossils 20 



—24 



