200 GEOLOGY OP ILLINOIS. 



the north of the Gold Hill axis and running nearly parallel thereto, 

 terminate at or near Equality, on the west side of the north fork of the 

 Saline. The remainder of the county north of the Gold Hill axis is 

 destitute of prominent hills, with the exception of an elevated narrow 

 ridge running nearly north and south along the road from New Haven 

 to Shawneetown, and terminating within three miles of the latter place. 

 Gallatin couuty is well supplied with water courses. Besides the 

 Ohio and maiu Wabash rivers on its eastern boundary, the Little 

 Wabash river enters the county at the village of New Haveu, and flows 

 through the northeastern corner to form its junction with the main 

 Wabash twenty miles above the confluence of the latter stream with 

 the Ohio. The north fork runs through the north-western portion and 

 joins the Saline river at the town of Equality, on the eastern border of 

 the county, while the latter river in its course cuts through the Gold 

 Hill axis about three miles below Equality and flows out at the south- 

 eastern corner of the county to form its junction with the Ohio river 

 just above the Battery Bock coal mines, in Hardin county. Eagle creek, 

 a large tributary of the Saline river on the south, and its numerous 

 affluents, ramify through the south-western portion of the county. 

 Besides these streams, it may be mentioned that there are a few ponds 

 or small lakes seen in the low lands of the Ohio and Wabash rivers, 

 which are supposed by many, with seeming plausibility, to be the 

 remains of old river channels. 



Stratigraphieal G eolo g y . 



The geology of this county will be best understood by an examina- 

 tion of the section on page 202, in which is shown the chronological 

 order of all the strata visible in this county. 



Lower Carboniferous. — Along the northern face of the Gold Hill ridge, 

 in two or three places the upper part of the lower carboniferous rocks 

 has been brought to the surface by the axis of disturbance which pro- 

 duced this noted ridge. These rocks belong to what is designated in 

 the first volume of the report on the geology of Illinois as the " Chester 

 group.'" 



The most easterly exposure is on the S. hf. of sec. 33, T. 9, B. 9, about 

 three miles east of Shawneetown, where the following section was 

 obtained : 



Ft. 



Covered slope to top of ridge 50? 



Conglomerate, -with pebbles 50 



Irregular bedded sandstone 20 



Covered, sandstone and shale? 90 



Limestone, with. Archimedes 55 



Covered to high- water of Ohio 40 



305 



