OHAPTEE XIX 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 



This county comprises the congressional townships Nos. 27, 28, 29, 

 and 30 north, and ranges east of the third principal meridian Nos. 3 to 

 8 both inclusive, making 24 townships, with 3 townships and 3 half 

 townships additional on the south comprised in township 26 north, and 

 ranges 6, 7, and 8 east; and township 25 north, and the north half of 

 ranges 6, 7, and 8 east, equal altogether to 28.1- townships or 1,026 square 

 miles. This is increased, however, about 18 square miles owing to the 

 north tier of sections in the three half townships being two miles long 

 from north to south, making the aggregate of the county 1,044 square 

 miles. 



The Big Vermilion river, running from southeast to north-west 

 through the county, divides it into nearly equal parts, and this stream 

 affords the only means within the county of determining its geology 

 below the surface, excepting the coal shafts and a few borings. 



These data would be meagre without the aid of the exposures of 

 LaSalle county north of it, which furnish the key to the geology of 

 Livingston. 



The great anticlinal axis which crosses the Illinois river near Utica, in 

 LaSalle county, and which is very clearly defined in the north bluff of the 

 Illinois valley, having its central line two miles west of Utica and a 

 direction of south 33° east, extends through Livingston county, its cen- 

 tral line lying a little east of the Vermilion river — the course of this 

 stream evidently having been determined by the influence of this axis, 

 with which it is, in its general direction, nearly or quite parallel. 



After a full investigation of LaSalle county, Livingston county in its 

 general features is easily determined ; yet there are details with respect 

 to the Coal Measures — particularly in that portion of the' county lying 

 east of the Vermilion — that can only be ascertained as time develops 

 them through the aid of coal shafts and borings. 



Along the Vermilion and west of it the Coal Measures appear to be 

 as complete, generally, as found in the corresponding part of LaSalle 



