GEOLOGICAL SCALE AND STRUCTURE. 43 1 



The results of all the observations made to date can be summarized in 

 few words. 



The Fredericktown Articlink. 



The first axis known to enter the state from Pennsylvania north of 

 the Ohio river, is a very feeble fold, named by Prof. I. C. White, in the 

 Geological Reports of Pennsylvania, the Fredericktown axis, the name be- 

 ing taken from the small village on the Little Beaver, in the southwest 

 corner of Pennsylvania. The axis gives rise to the Smith's Ferry oil field 

 and probably also to the weak gas prcduction of East Liverpool. But it 

 is not known that any value is attached to it northward. It apparently 

 crosses the Ohio Valley near East Liverpool and traverses the Pan Handle 

 of West Virginia for a few miles ; probably it recrosses the river near To- 

 ronto. Its feebleness is shown by the fact that, though crossing the river 

 twice, it has not had the slightest apparent effect on the course of the 

 stream. 



The Wellsburg Anticline. 



Another weak line of elevation comes into Ohio from West Virginia, 

 a few miles below Steubenville. It may be called the, Wellsburg anti- 

 cline, a gas field of considerable promise having been found ten years ago 

 near the West Virginia village of this name. The gas of Brilliant, on the 

 Ohio side of the river, must apparently be referred to the same elevation. 

 If this axis is assumed to run parallel with the line already indicated as 

 the Fredericktown axis, it will be found to cross Captina Creek near the 

 Captina coal mines where, as is well known, a distinct uplift is seen. If 

 extended still further to the southward, this line would cross Mtmroe 

 county a few miles east of Woodsfield. 



The Salisbury Anticline. 



The next fold to be indicated lies six to eight miles northwest of the 

 Fredericktown axis. It may be called the Salisbury anticline, from the 

 fact that it was first located near the station of this name on the Cleve- 

 land Pittsburg railroad, in the Yellow Creek Valley. The extension of 

 this axis, if it crosses the state line into Pennsylvania, has not been noted. 

 As seen in tracing the well known coal seams of the Yellow Creek Val- 

 ley, the fold is very slight, but is still an arch and may reasonably enough 

 be expected to show some economic interest in portions of its extent. 



The Cadiz Anticline. 



This fold is probably entirely confined to the territory of Ohio. It is 

 somewhat more distinct and of greater force than any of those already 

 named. Its best marked development thus far is to be found in the cen- 



