PREFACE. xv 



Ail of these volumes have been published by the State, under the general and 

 sometimes under the entire control of the State printer. The Geological Atlas 

 alone, No. 11 of above list, was published by a private firm. 



The distribution of the copies of each volume has been made through the 

 members of the General Assembly by which the publication of the volume was or- 

 dered, or, in some instances, by the members of the next succeeding General Assem- 

 blv. Up to the issue of Volume V (No. 13 of the list) the entire editions, after pro- 

 viding moderate allowances for the geological corps and the State Library, were 

 distributed pro rata among the members of the Legislature. No opportunity was 

 afforded for the purchase of copies on the part of tho-e desiring to secure them 

 and no provision whatever was made for maintaining the sets of those who had re- 

 ceived the earlier volumes. It is almost incredible that after making the expendi- 

 tures which the large editions of the earlier volumes necessitated, the volumes 

 shou'.d be scattered over the State in such a reckless and wasteful way. Individual 

 members of the Legislatures would sometimes take pains to distribute their quotas 

 to those who had the preceding volumes, but such cases have been comparatively 

 infrequent. 



With the issue of Volume V (No. 13) a new policy was inaugurated, to the ex- 

 tent of placing a cert >in number of copies in the care of the Secretary of State, to 

 be sold at cost of publ' cation. This arrangement has met a real want, as is shown 

 by the fact that the stocks of all the volumes but the last two are entirely, ex- 

 hausted. There is no State office and no State officer that can furnish at the present 

 time either a single complete set or any single volume of the other reports, in answer 

 to the most deserving applicant. Book dealers in the larger cities of the State are in 

 some instances gathering complete or broken sets of the reports, to meet the de- 

 mands. The prices of the volumes range from $1 to #3.50 per volume. Some of the 

 volumes cannot now be found in the market, at least in complete form. Volume V 

 with its maps seems to have been entirely absorbed and Volume VI is but infre- 

 quently offered. It may prove to the advantage of the State to republish some of 

 these vol imes, as the}' have not, b3^ any means, oirtlived their usefulness. 



It remains for me to make acknowledgment of valuable aid and assistance th/lt 

 I have received in the preparation of the present volume. 



The mapping of the coal seams was kindly taken off my hands after I had suf- 

 fered a disablement which incapacitated me for the necessary fieldwork, by Prof. C. 

 N. Browu of the Ohio State University. The credit for this entire division of the 

 report belongs to him and to his assistants. All of the latter displayed great fidel- 

 ity and diligence, but it is proper that special mention be made of Mr. C. E. Sher- 

 man, C. E., chief draughtsman ; of G. P. Grimsley, Ph. D . who was engaged in field 

 work for a longer time than any other assistant, and of A. F. Foerste, Ph. D., whose 

 service though brief was of unusually high character, standing as it did for good 

 training and previous experience in similar lines of work. 



To the several railroad companies who have furnished free transportation to 

 the officers of the Geological Survey for all or portions of the time in which the work 

 of preparation of volume VII has been going forward, cordial thanks are hereby 

 tendered. The aid so rendered has been of great advantage to the State, helping 

 out the narrow appropriations with which the Survey has been carried forward. 



To Mr. W. K. Moorehead, Curator of Archseology in Ohio State University, 

 thanks are due for the generous loan of his map of Fort Ancient, which accompanies 

 Chapter I of Part II. 



To Hon. Leo. Hirsch, Supervisor of State Printing, I am under great obligations. 

 He contributed all the assistance possible in every stage of the publication, and it is 

 through his skillful administration that so large and varied a volume is issued at so 

 small a cost to the State. 



