CLAY WORKING INDUSTRIES. 



91 



one case a stoneware manufacturer has built a double decked kiln, 

 in which, he burns stoneware in the lower chamber, and the hot 

 gases from below are used to burn the flower pots in the upper story. 

 He thereby burns his flower pots for nothing, as no heat is produced 

 which the stoneware does not require for itself. This is a possible 

 arrangement only on wares like flower pots, where the heat they receive 

 may be more or less varied, with but small effect on the ware. Glazed 

 cuspidors could not be treated in this way as the heat must be gradually 

 raised on these articles till the glaze is melted, and then stopped at once. 



The details of setting, drawing, etc., will be touched on in connection 

 with stoneware. The most original part of these industries at Zanesville 

 is the method of decoration which has been devised. The wares are 

 painted in oil paints, decorated with flowers and other rapidly executed 

 ornaments, varnished and dried in hot closets at 200 to 225 degrees F. 



The effects produced are really creditable and the jardiniers and 

 cuspidors of this description have made their more costly competitors in 

 the yellow and whiteware industries a world of trouble in the last four 

 years. 



Almost all the decoration is done by women and girls and the 

 rapidity with which it is done is wonderful. The prices of these hand- 

 painted cuspidors vary from $1.50 to $3.00 per dozen according to shape, 

 size and decoration. 



The following tables gives the available statistics in this industry : 



EARTHENWARE. 



Name. 



Location. 



Output 1891. 



Present cap'y. 



Hands. 



Samuel A. Weller 



Zanesville. ... 

 Roseville ,,,, 



$ 68,000 



In construction. 



40,000 



$ 100,000 



100,000 



60,000 



60 



J. B. Owens, Pottery Co. 

 Roseville Pottery Co.... 



60 

 45 



( b ). Stoneware. 



Stoneware is defined as that kind of pottery which is made from a 

 natural clay and whose burning and glazing is accomplished in one oper- 

 ation. It is distinguished from earthenware on the one side, by the 

 fact that it is always glazed and generally it is vitrified in its body texture, 

 and it is distinguished from yellow and Rockingham wares on the other 

 side, in the fact that its burning and glazing is done in one operation 

 instead of two. 



Stoneware is a crude form of pottery, but a wonderfully useful 

 one, especially to those engaged in farming and marketing of farm, 

 orchard and dairy products. 



