CLAY WORKING INDUSTRIES. 239 



The white colors are the most difficult to produce, as the glaze has 

 to be sufficiently thick and opaque to conceal the dark red color of the 

 body of the brick; blues, browns and other strong colors are less trouble- 

 some. 



The use of enameled brick places at the architect's disposal a range 

 of beautiful effects which he can obtain in no other way. They are more 

 suitable for inside decoration of public buildings, halls, waiting rooms etc., 

 than for the decoration of outside work. 



Terra cotta. The manufacture of high grade building ornaments is 

 not carried on to any extent in Ohio. The process of manufacture is an 

 elaborate one. The clays for each color are prepared with great care and 

 are often compounded with other clays and chemicals to obtain the de- 

 sired effects. The process is dry press machinery on all sizes and shapes 

 which can be produced in this way; the larger pieces are made in molds 

 from tempered cla}^s and the highest grades are even moulded and carved 

 by hand. 



Tues. The manufacture of roofing tile has been in progress for 

 some ten or twelve years in the state, though the industry is still confined 

 to comparative by small dimensions. There are three factories represented 

 viz : The J. C. Ewart Roofing Tile Co., of Akron, The Repp Roofing Tile 

 Co., of New Philadelphia, and the Barnard Tile Co., of Bellaire. The latter 

 company has only recently completed and perfected its process and 

 is just begining the manufacture of tile. 



The advocates of roofing tile are mainly architects who like it for 

 artistic reasons. Some forms of it certainly produce very fine effects on 

 roofs which are designed for its use. The shapes used are diamond or 

 lozenge shaped, plain flat shingle tiles, scalloped shingles, and a new de- 

 sign like a modified letter S in section. 



The qualities which a roofing tile must have in order to compete 

 with the other well established forms of roofing are : 1st, vitrification, so 

 as to stand frost and rain without any sign of failure. 2d, strength and 

 toughness, by which it will stand transportation and handling during its 

 application. 3d, thinness of section, by which its weight can be brought 

 within reasonable limits. Tile makers contend that a tile roof is lighter 

 than a slate roof, owing to the great overlap of the slate and practically 

 no overlap of the tile. A popular prejudice to the contrary effect, has 

 a strong hold on the public. 4th, the tile must be true and not easily 

 warped in order to make its attachment easy and secure. 



A line now being introduced, in which the tiles are glazed with the 

 cheapest lead glaze on the exposed portions of the outside. The pur- 

 pose of this is to avoid the necessity of such hard burning, the strength 

 and toughness of the tile being at its best stage before the proper vitrifi- 

 cation is attained. This action is in the proper line as it will allow 

 lighter, thinner tiles, with equal strength and increased impenetrability. 



The manufacture of the tile is by process which the makers wish to 



