OBSERVATIONS UPON THE WAVERLY GROUP. 501 



Professor Orton's earful stratigraphical work has done much to 

 place the Waverly question on a permanent and satisfactory basis. In 

 as much as his labors have been largely directed to the lower portion 

 of the series, particularly the Berea grit and associated strata, he has not 

 attempted to employ paleontological data to as large an extent as might 

 be requisite in a similarly detailed study of the upper series. Professor 

 Orton suggested a division of the Cuyahoga of Newberry (all the Wa- 

 verly above the Berea) into an upper sandy portion, which he terms the 

 Logan group and a shaly basal series, for which he retained the name 

 Cuyahoga shales. The student of the Waverly is referred to volume VI 

 of the Ohio Geological Survey reports for a summary of our knowledge 

 of the subject. In this resume Professor Orton corrects many of the 

 errors of earlier writers and offers the most satisfactor}- description of the 

 Waverly which had appeared up to that time. In the meantime the 

 writer had been feeling his way toward the same results by means of a 

 minute comparison of the faunae of various horizons. A first result 

 of these studies was printed in the third volume of the Bulletin of the 

 Laboratories of Denison University, April, 1888. This paper was chiefly 

 devoted to an annotated list of fossils from Licking county and adjacent 

 regions in Ohio. In this paper it was attempted to show that the Wa- 

 verly consists of three rather distinct portions, which, in central Ohio, are 

 bounded by two thin layers of conglomerate. The lower division, indu- 

 ing the Berea and Waverly shales, was considered to have a decidedly 

 Devonian habitus, while the middle portion included a mingled fauna 

 of Carboniferous and Devonian character (the latter prevailing), and the 

 upper third merged rapidly into the lower Carboniferous. The following 

 passage is quoted as substantially embodying the results of a study of the 

 Waverly in central Ohio: 



"The Waverly group of Ohio is a composite assemblage of litholog- 

 ically constant character. The lower portion of it is chiefly composed 

 cf greyish, yellowish, and greenish arenaceous shales with local grits 

 and nodulary masses of limestone and occasionally, near the base, inter- 

 calated layers of bituminous shale. This series is faunally nearly dis- 

 tinct in central Ohio and should be regarded not only as Devonian, but 

 as containing persistent elements from the Hamilton type in connection 

 with Portage and Chemung forms. Moreover, it is believed that geo- 

 graphical variation must be called in very largely to explain the specific 

 divergences, while generic resemblances remain perfectly obvious. Our 

 division II, although so relatively small, was evidently a transition period. 

 Most of the strata may have been deposited while the Catskill was form- 

 ing at the east, but the fauna was essentially of Chemung character. 

 Nevertheless the connection in Ohio was much more direct with areas 

 where carboniferous types were already appearing and a more or less 

 marked admixture was the result. Conglomerate II marks a slight oscil- 

 latory wave passing from north to south, resulting first in mud flats in 



