510 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



one mile west of Portsmouth. The upper part of this horizon appears 

 below highwater mark at Sciotoville, at which point it disappears from 

 view. The constancy in fauna is only more remarkable than the litho- 

 logical uniformity. The same calcareous or ferruginous concretions 

 loaded with fossils greet us at all exposures. 



When the same band of concretions was found at the water's edge, 

 40 feet below the carboniferous conglomerate at Cuyahoga Falls and at 

 Akron in the creek bed near the tile works, the stratigraphy of the 

 Waverly became clear. 



A large percentage of the fossils found in Licking county have since 

 been collected from the calcareous nodules in Cuyahoga valley. The 

 depauperate faunae of the shales in which these concretions lie when com- 

 pared with the well-formed species of the concretions is explained, and 

 we are convinced that, with the possible exception of 30 feet immediately 

 below the conglomerate, there is nothing in the Cuyahoga valley to repre- 

 sent any part of the Waverly of southern Ohio which rises above the 

 conglomerate I. 



Subsequent study of the exposures at Bagdad, Weymouth, Richfield 

 and Lodi, have shown that at a little distance from the margin still more 

 of the series appears and some elements of a fauna which in Licking 

 county lies immediately below conglomerate I are represented in the 

 highest part of the shales. It becomes necessary, accordingly, as already 

 indicated, to place nearly all of the bryozoa and crinoids of the Waverly 

 in this subdivision. 



It has already been seen that the crinoids suggest a Devonian age for 

 this series. The bryozoa are mostly new and cannot afford a decisive 

 answer. What of the remainder of the fauna? Unfortunately the spe- 

 cies are chiefly unique, but the generic assemblage should be instructive. 

 Among the trilobites we have three genera — Phoethonides extends from 

 the Upper Helderberg to the Hamilton. No trilobites being found in 

 the Chemung, its upper limits in America remained uncertain. It does 

 not occur in the Carboniferous. It extends to the top of division II of 

 the Waverly, i. e. from the base to the top of conglomerate II which is 

 the upper limit of the Kinderhook of our classification. It is most 

 abundant in the shales under consideration. 



Dalmanites? cnyahogtz, Claypole, even if it should prove that the 

 pygidium described cannot be included in the genus Dalmanites, adds to 

 the Devonian habitus of the Crustacea. Proetus is a genus which in 

 America extends from the Upper Helderberg to the Hamilton. In the 

 Waverly it is represented by several species which merge into Phillipsia 

 as we enter division III. A species occurs at the very base of the Cuy- 

 ahoga shales and others are abundant in the Kinderhook. The obvious 

 resemblances of our species are to the Hamilton forms. The evidence 

 of the trilobites is strongly in favor of the Devonian age of the Cuyahoga 

 shale and affords a beautiful illustration of the slow evolution of srenera. 



