200 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vou. XL 
by a dense cordon of transfusion tissue. The arrangement of 
the bundles of the scale presents throughout a close resemblance 
to that found in Dammara. 
Plate 2, Fig. 4, represents about half of a transverse section of 
a scale, magnified about 50 times. The funicular attachment of 
one of the lateral seeds may be seen on the upper surface of the 
scale. 
Plate 2, Fig. 5, shows a longitudinal section through the apex of 
the scale, which at the same time is also nearly median, magnified 
about 40 times. 
There can be no doubt that these scales are Araucarian and that 
while they resemble the genus Dammara they do not belong to it. 
We have therefore proposed for them the generic appellation 
Protodammara. 
Formation and Locality: Cretaceous clays, Raritan Formation. 
Pl. 1, Figs. 5-11 and Pl. 2, Figs. 1 a, b, ce, 2, Kreischerville, Staten 
Island, N. Y.; Pl. 1, Figs. 12, 13, Ball’s Point, Block Island, 
. h, 
Leajy Branches Commonly Referred to Brachyphyllum.— This 
genus was based upon the external characters of certain leafy 
branches, of Jurassic age, and was described under the noncom- 
mittal heading “Conifére douteuse.” The type of the genus is 
B. mamillare Brongt., which he described but did not figure.’ 
The species was figured by subsequent authorities however, not- 
ably by Saporta,’ one of whose illustrations (fig. 4, loc. cit.), is 
reproduced on Plate 1, Fig. 14. A number of other species have 
also been described under the genus and under the closely related 
or synonymous genera Echinostrobus, Arthrotaxites, Thuites, 
Paleocyparis, etc. By some authors these genera have been all 
included under Brachyphyllum and by others they have either 
been regarded as distinct or else they have been grouped in various 
combinations. ‘Their true botanical relationships, however, were 
never satisfactorily determined, although they were generally con- 
idered as allied to the Sequoiinex or the Cupressinee and as 
related to Arthrotaxis, Thuja, or Glyptostrobus. The species 
1 Prod. Hist. Veg. Foss., p. 109, 1828. : 
? Plantes Jurassiques, vol. 3, pl. 34, figs. 3-7, 1884. 
