No. 471] CRETACEOUS PLANT REMAINS 203 
carineous nature of Brachyphyllum is the structure of the wood 
and phloém. Plate 5, Fig. 1, is a longitudinal radial section of the 
tracheids of the wood, highly magnified. They show the flattened 
and alternating bordered pits, which are the diagnostic feature of 
Araucarioxylon Kraus. 
Plate 5, Fig. 2, makes the diagnosis beyond dispute, as it shows 
the very striking Araucarineous character of the rays. Plate 5, 
Fig. 3, represents a transverse section through the xylem and 
phloém in a yearling branch. Plate 5, Fig. 4, shows two bundles 
in the young stem of Brachyphyllum. It may be seen that the 
region of the phloém is marked by the absence of the regularly 
alternating rows of hard bast-fibers, which are found without 
exception in the phloém of all Cupressineous and Sequoiineous 
Conifers. 
Lignites Referable to Araucarioxylon.— Associated with the cone 
scales of Protodammara and with the leafy branches of Brachy- 
phyllum are found numerous specimens of lignite, amongst which 
are two types of Araucarioxylon. The first of these is very simi- 
lar to the wood of the living Dammara, and like Dammara it is 
characterized by the presence of resinous tracheids. The pith, 
when present, is seen to be large and composed mainly of tanni- 
niferous cells as in that genus. When wounded the wood of this 
Araucarioxylon does not give rise to traumatic resin-canals. 
The second type, so far as we have been able to observe, does 
not possess resinous tracheids. The pith, when present, is sclerified 
and of small size as in Brachyphyllum. The wood, when injured, 
forms resin-canals of a traumatic character. 
Plate 5, Fig. 5, shows a row of traumatic resin-canals in this spe- 
cies. Plate 5, Fig. 6, shows one of these resin-canals and the ad- 
jacent wood, highly magnified. The tracheids of the wood are seen 
to be free from resin. This type of Araucarioxylon appears to be 
the wood of Brachyphyllum, while the type first described appears 
to belong to Araucarian Conifers more nearly allied in structure 
to those now in existence. 
