8 SCANDINAVIANS AND 
2. BAUHINIAN PERIOD, 1601—1694. 
This period extends from Bauhin’s Pinax to Tournefort’s Institutiones. The 
former of these was a remarkable book for its time. It aimed to catalogue and 
describe all known plants. The names of the plants and the descriptions were of 
the usual form of the the time. Of course, the work is written in Latin. The 
names consist of a noun together with a descriptive phrase of one or more 
adjectives or adjective modifiers. The descriptions are crude, but often as good 
as were used by the immortal Linnzus himself, 150 years later. 
During this period the flora of the West Indies and Mexico was explored and 
described by Sloane, a noted Irish physician and naturalist, and the Jesuit Barna- 
bas Coba; but nothing was done by Scandinavians, 
3. TOURNEFORTIAN PERIOD, 1694—1735. 
Tournefort’s Institutiones was the epoch-making book. In this appear for 
the first time botanical genera in their modern sense. Tournefort had in many 
cases even a clearer idea of generic limitations than Linneus bimself. The major- 
ity of the genera in the Genera Plantarum of the latter were adopted from this 
work of Tournefort. Tournefort’s descriptions are about as good as those of 
Linnzus, and have the advantage of being accompanied by illustrations. What 
Tournefort’s Instiutiones lacked was the systematic arrangement. : 
During this period the flora of North America was investigated by Plumier, 
who made four journeys to this continent, W. Houstoun, who collected in ; 
West Indies and Mexico, John Lawson, in Carolina, and M. Catesby, in Virginia, 
Florida, and the Bahamas. 
The first Scandinavian who, as far as the writer knows, com 
_ tributed to the knowledge of the flora of North America, Was . 
Hans Egede, who spent fifteen years as missionary in Greenland. 
Greenland is not always counted to America, but there is no rea 
son why it should not be. It is much nearer America than Europe- 
Even botanically it belongs tothe former. Itis true that itcontams 
many plants common tonorthern Europe but not found elsewhere 
in North America, but still it is more American than European. 
The larger number of plants growing in Greenland are circump? 
lar ones, i. e. found in America as well as in Europe and Asia. 
these are excepted, the flora is decidedly more American than Eu- 
ropean, especially in the northern part. This is not the case at 
all with the neighboring Iceland. The latter could be counted 
geographically to America, but not so botanically. Its flora coP 
sists almost exclusively of plants common to it, northern Scot- 
land, northern Scandinavia, Spitzbergen, etc., with a few comme? 
to it and Greenland but with no American plants, if thecircumpo 
