THE FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA. 25 
and had little effect on botany at large. The ‘Genera’, however, have been of 
inestimable value, for no work contains such good and complete descriptions of 
the genera of the world as this. 
The following work was done by Scandinavians during this period: 
A. United States and Canada. 
Thure Ludwig Theodor Kumlien was born at Herrlunda, 
Vastergétland, Sweden, the 9th of November, 1819, graduated at 
Skara Gymnasium, and was for some time a pupil of Elias Fries 
at Upsala. He emigrated to America in 1843 and settled near 
Lake Koshkonong, Wis. For twenty years he made collections 
for the museums at Upsala, Stockholm, Leyden, the British Mu- 
seum, and the Smithsonian. He was a zoologist as well as a bot- 
anist, and a great lover of nature. In 1867 he became instructor 
in botany and zoology at Albion College, and in 1883 conservator 
of the Milwaukee Public Museum. He died the 5th of August, 
1888. He published very little. The only botanical publication, 
as far as the writer knows, is the following: 
On the Rapid Disappearance of Wisconsin Wild Flowers, 1876. 
Jacob Georg Agardh, son of C. A. AGARDH, was born at Lund, 
Sweden, the 8th of December, 1813, received his Ph. D. degree in 
1832, became docent at Lund in 1834,extra-ordinary professor in 
1847, and professor in 1854, retired in 1879, and died the 17th of 
January, 1901. He was one of the most prominent phycologists 
in the world, and specialized in the marine algze, especially the red 
sea-weeds. He has written little that bears directly on American 
botany, but his principal work, ‘Species, genera et ordines Alga- 
rum”, comprises the whole world, and therefore contains many 
American plants. The first one given below contains more North 
American species than exotic ones. The following are from his 
and: 
Synopsis generis Lupini, 1835. 
Nya alger fran Mexico, 1847. 
Species, genera et ordines algarum, 1848 —’63. 
Bidrag till kinnedom af Grénlands Laminarier och Fucaceer, 1872. 
Till algernas systematik, 1872—’90. 
Groénlands Floridier och Ulvaceer. 
Nils Johan Anderson was born at Giarderum, Smaland, Swe- 
den, the 20th of February, 1821, received his Ph. D. degree in 
1845, was lector at the Gymnasium of Stockholm in 1851— 53, 
and director of the Botanical Museum in 1856—’79. He died 
