32 SCANDINAVIANS AND 
Ludwig Kumlien, the son of Thure Kumlien (see under United 
States, page 25), was born in Wisconsin, and died in 1902. Evi- 
dently he had inherited from his father the love of natural history. 
He was, however, more of a zoologist than a botanist, and was 
especially interested in birds. He was a field agent of the Smith- 
sonian for a number of years and collected in Wisconsin and the 
New England States, He was the naturalist of the Howgate Po- 
lar Expedition in 1877—’78 to Cumberland Sound. The plants he 
collected were mostly from Niantilic Harbor, Annanactook, Kik- 
kerton Island, and from the Island of Disco, Greenland. He pub- 
lished the report of the expedition, in which the plants were deter- 
mined by Gray. 
Contribution to the natural history of Arctic America, made in connection 
with the Howgate Polar Expedition, 1879. 
Frans Reinhold Kjellman was born on Torsié, Vistergétland, 
Sweden, the 4th of November, 1846, became Ph. D. and do- 
cent at the University of Upsala in 1872, and professor in 1883. 
He accompanied Nordenskjéld as botanist to Spitzbergen in 
1872—’73, to Nova Zemlia and Siberia in 1875, and around the 
world in 1878—’80, during which journey they passed through the 
Behring Sea and visited Fort Clarence and the St. Laurence Island. 
He died at Upsala the 22nd of April, 1907. He was a prominent 
phycologist, and has paid attention especially to the alge of the 
Arctic regions. Only a few of his works refer, however, to North 
American botany, 
Fanerogam-fioran pA St. Lawrence-in, 1883. 
Om Behring-hafvets algfiora, 1889. : 
Om Floride sliktet Galarwara [Species from Florida, West Indies, Mexico, 
etc. 
aoe of the Arctic Sea, 1883. 
Ernst Bernhard Almquist was born at Skogs-Tibbe, Upland, 
Sweden, the 10th of August, 1852, received his M. D. in 1882, and 
became professor at the Carolinian Institute at Stockholm in 
1891. He was the physician and lichenologist of the Nordenskjéld 
expedition around Asia in 1878—’80. 
Per Teodor Cleve was born at Stockholm the 10th of Febru- 
ary, 1840, received his Ph D. in 1863, became docent the same 
year, and professor at Upsala in 1873. Heis a prominent chem- 
ist and geologist, but also a botanist, having paid special atten- 
