36 SCANDINAVIANS AND 
Lisbon; from 1889 to 1892 he was at Quito, 1892—5 at Tromsd, 
Norway, and in 1895 became professor at Stockholm. He has 
specialized in the lower cryptogams, especially the Desmids. The 
following contributions bear on American Botany. 
Bidrag till Amerikas desmidieflora, 1885. 
Ueber einige Arten aus Cuba, Jamaica und Puerto Rico. [Desmids found in 
material collected by Sintens, Swartz, and Wright], 1887. 
Sur un nouveau parasite dangereoux de la Vigne, Uredo Viale in Jamaica, 
1889. 
Mykologische Studien, 1899. 
D. Mexico and Central America. 
Frederik Michael Liebman was born at Helsingdér, Denmark, the 
10th of October, 1813, made journeys in Germany 1835, and in 
Norway 1836, and became docent at the University of Copen- 
hagen in 1837. 
In 1840 he started for Mexico in company with Rathsack, a 
gardener, and arrived at Vera Cruz in February, 1841. Here he 
met the Russian botanist Karwinsky, and they traveled together 
for some months. He visited several places north of Vera Cruz, 
as for instance Antiqua, Colima, Misantla and as far north as 
Papantla. Then he turned south and after having visited several 
places he stayed for a considerable time at Hacienda Mirador on 
the eastern slope of Mount Orizaba. This mountain he climbed 
in company with the German botanist Ghiesbrecht. Then he 
visited Tehuacan and returned to Mirador. Rathsack returned 
to Denmark in 1842 with numerous boxes of herbarium speci- 
mens, samples of woods, fruits, seeds and living plants. Liebman 
himself undertook a journey southward, visiting the city of Ori- 
zaba, Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, etc,, climbed the peaks of Zempoaltepec 
and El Pelado, visited among other places, San Pedro Alto, Hua- 
mamelula and even Tehuantepec, and on h... return again Oaxaca 
and Mirador. 
On the home journey from Vera Cruz, he stopped two or three 
weeks in Cuba. He died the 29th of October, 1856, as professor 
_ at the University of Copenh ; 
iebman did not have time before his death to publish much 
from the results of these collections. Most of this fell on the 
shoulders of Orsted. Still the following important contributions 
_ are from Liebman’s hands. 
