CRINOID GENUS SCYPHOCRINUS 27 



its original deposition, and undoubtedly belong to the same species. Of these, 

 46 have four lobes; 10 have four below and five above; 8 have five; 3 have six; 

 1 has seven; 1 has eight; while 3 have but three; thus 80 per cent have four 

 primary lobes or less, 1 1 per cent have five, and 7 per cent have over five in the 

 upper part. A similar irregularity is observed among specimens from Okla- 

 homa, and the variable character of the roots and chambers in them is thor- 

 oughly explained by Schuchert (op. cit., p. 264). Among 45 specimens, 90 

 per cent have four (or exceptionally three) lobes in the lower part of the bulb; 

 20 per cent have five at the stalked end, and 12 per cent have more than five. 

 At both localities the average height and width of the specimens are about as 

 1 to 1.20, a few being as high as wide. The tendency to increase in number of 

 lobes is greater in the West Virginia specimens, where out of 29 about 

 80 per cent show more than five at the stalked end (from 6 to 10, or 11) ; but 

 nevertheless 70 per cent of the whole have only four lobes or less at the lower 

 end. The specimens here are also flatter, the average height to width being 

 about 1 to 1.40, often 1 to 1.50; and in no case equal. 



Hence while in a large collection of the bulbous roots there may be a 

 general facies characteristic of some species, this is of little or no value when 

 judging from individual specimens; and while the facies might distinguish the 

 West Virginia specimens from those of Tennessee and Oklahoma, as above 

 shown, it would not distinguish the latter from each other. The only species 

 that I should undertake to identify with confidence from the bulbous root is 

 S. pratteni, whose great size is associated with a character in the primary 

 root member not observed in others. 



As a rule, we do not know positively to which form of calyx any one of 

 the bulbs in the different localities belongs. Nevertheless, it is fair to assume 

 that a given bulb of Camarocrimis belongs to the calyx found in the same 

 bed; and in this way some of the specific names already in use may be retained. 



Following this course, where practicable, the species may be characterized 

 as follows: 



ANALYSIS OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES 

 (All from the Helderbergian ; but 5". mutabilis occurs also in the Niagaran) 



A. Calyx turbinate, expanding to IIBr. 

 iBr areas not protuberant. 

 Plates sculptured. 



Calyx elongate, very large, height to width about 1.8 

 to 1 ; deeply lobed between arm-bases. 



Plates thin, low-convex, with sharp costaa, either 

 becoming smooth or passing into coarser orna- 

 ment above ; interbrachial pavement either re- 

 ticulate, transversely banded, stellate, irregularly 

 rugose, or smooth. 



IIBr about 20; median ridge broad. 1. 5". elegaiis Zenker. 



Bailey limestone, Missouri. 

 5 



