DEVELOPMENT OF PALEOBOTANY IN THE ILLINOIS BASIN 41 



(1942a), Baxter (1952), and Dennis (1969b). Abbott (1954) wrote a monograph on 

 the fern genus Oligooarpia. 



The morphology of marattiaceous ferns is largely but not exclusively de- 

 rived from Pennsylvanian fossils of Illinois. Beginning with Lesquereux's (1879, 

 1880a) original description of Caulopteris giffordi, the petrified (silicifiedand cal- 

 cified) genus Tsaronius was studied by Ho skins (1934), Gillette (1937), Moon (1939), 

 Reed (1949), Baxter (1953), Morgan (1959), Stidd and Phillips (1968), and Stidd (1971) . 

 Foliar members were described by Lenz (1942), Morgan and Delevoryas (1952a, b) , and 

 Stidd (1971) . Saoleooptevis fructifications were described by Ewart (1961) and Mamay 

 (1950), who also studied other fructification genera of marattiaceous ferns. 



Pteridosperms that occur in the Illinois Basin are known from the coal-ball 

 studies on Medullosa by Arnold and Steidtmann (1937), Steidtmann (1937, 1944), 

 Schopf (1939), Andrews (1945), Baxter (1949), Stewart (1951a), Stewart and 

 Delevoryas (1952, 1956), Delevoryas (1955a), Norton (1966), and Dennis (1968a); 

 on Sutoliffia by Phillips and Andrews (19 63); on Callistophyton by Delevoryas and 

 Morgan (1954b) and Delevoryas (1956); on Heterangium by Andrews (1945) and Hall 

 (1952); and on Micro spermoptevis by Baxter (1949). 



The study of ovules from coal balls added considerable information on known 

 genera: Conostoma (Neely, 1951; Taylor and Lei sman, 1963; Taylor, 1967b; Roth- 

 well and Eggert, 1970; Rothwell, 1971); Eexapterospermum (Taylor, 1966; Matten 

 and Hopkins, 1967); Paahytesta (Stewart, 1951b, 1954, and 1958; Taylor and 

 Delevoryas, 1964; Taylor, 1965; Taylor and Eggert, 1969b); Physostoma (Leisman, 

 1964b); Stephanospermum (Hall, 1954; Taylor, 1962; Leisman and Roth, 1963); and 

 Taxospermum (Neely, 1951). Newly described genera include Albert longia (Taylor, 

 1967b), Callospermarion (Eggert and Delevoryas, 1960; Stidd and Hall, 1970b), 

 Coronostoma (Neely, 1951), and Tyliosperma (Mamay, 1954b). 



Significant discoveries of pollen-bearing structures that were made in com- 

 pression genera include Aulaootheoa (Eggert and Kryder, 1969), Crossotheoa (And- 

 rews and Mamay, 1948) and the new genus, Sohopfitheca (Delevoryas, 1964a). 

 Volerotheoa was described by Schopf (1948a) and by Baxter (1949). Five new pet- 

 rified genera were described recently: Callandrium (Stidd and Hall, 19 70a), Hal- 

 letheoa (Taylor, 19 71), Idanothekion (Millay and Eggert, 1970), Lasiostrobus 

 (Taylor, 1969, 1970), and Rhetinotheoa (Leisman and Peters, 1970). 



The Cordaitales from coal balls in the Illinois Basin are known only from 

 the studies of Cohen and Delevoryas (1959) and Judd and Nisbet (19 69) . Anatomi- 

 cal studies of Cordaitales from outside the basin were published by Andrews (1942a), 

 Andrews and Felix (1952), Baxter and Roth (1954), Brush and Barghoorn (1962), 

 Cridland (1964), Darrah (1940), Fry (1956), Harms and Leisman (1961), Leisman 

 (1961), Pierce and Hall (1953), Reed (1946), Reed and Sandoe (1951), Roth (1956), 

 Traverse (1950), and Wilson and Johnson (1940). 



Palynology 



The early history of the development of palynology — the study of spores 

 and pollen — can be found in publications by Wodehouse (1935), Erdtman (1943), 

 Faegri and Iversen (1964), and others. Few of the earliest contributors who worked 

 outside the Illinois Basin, however, are mentioned here. Witham (1833) is thought 

 to have been the first to observe fossil plant spores, but he did not recognize their 

 true nature. Von Post (1916), who worked with material from Swedish bogs, pre- 

 sented the first modern percentage analysis for pollen. Prestwich (1840), who 



