28 VETERINARY STUDIES 



Open Joint implies that the capsular ligament and synovial 

 membrane have been punctured, as by a nail in the foot, or by 

 barb-wire cut at the hock. This is usually followed by infection 

 and is characterized by extreme pain, swelling, tenderness, lame- 

 ness and especially by the great pain and escape of synovia. 

 This is always a serious disorder and must be left to a competent 

 veterinarian. 



Anchylosis implies union of two or more bones at a normally 

 movable articulation. It is the result of inflammation of perios- 

 teum, articular cartilage and bone. The cartilage is destroyed 

 and the bones become united, resulting in a "stiff -joint" often 

 seen in ringbone and bone spavin. 



