ANATOMY 3 



membrane and plays a most important part in the growth and 

 nourishment, and repair in case of injury. 



The head contains 26 r bones, divided into two groups as 

 follows: cranium 9, face 17. Cranium 9 : occipital 1, frontal 2, 

 parietal 2, temporal 2, ethmoid 1, sphenoid 1. Face 17: supe- 

 rior maxillary, 2 ; inferior maxillary, 1 ; premaxillary, 2 ; palate, 

 2; malar, 2; lachrymal, 2; nasal, 2; vomer, 1; inferior tur- 

 binated, 2 ; hyoid 1. 



Teeth. — Mares have on each jaw: 6 incisors and 12 molars, 

 or in all 18. Geldings and stallions have, in addition, 2 canines 

 or tushes, making 20 teeth on each jaw. All the incisors and 

 the first three molars are temporary and are replaced. The last 

 three come in as permanent teeth, according to the following 

 table. 



Dentition of Horses — (Chauveau) 



Kind 



Number 



When Appear 



When Replaced 



r 



Center 



Middle 



Birth 



2% years. 

 3y 2 years. 

 4% years. 



Incisors \ 



Canines 



6 to 9 months .... 



4 to 5 years 



Birth 





1st 



2% years. 

 2% years. 

 3% years. 





2d 



Birth 





3d 



Birth 



4th 



10 to 12 months .. 





5th 







6th 











Age of horses by the teeth.— Tell by shedding and appear- 

 ance of the teeth up to 4 years, according to table. Cups wear 

 out of center pair of incisors of lower jaw at about 6 years ; cups 

 wear out of middle pair of incisors at about 7 years; and cups 

 wear out of corner incisors at about 8. Quality of the teeth, 

 kind of food, and the way the teeth fit together to be considered. 

 They may wear very unevenly and be very deceptive. The 

 upper incisors are much less reliable as to disappearance of cups 

 than are the lower. 



Cattle have 8 incisors on the lower jaw and none on the 

 upper. Their molars are like those of horses in number, and 

 the first three are also temporary. The calf has the two center 



1 Sisson recognizes: pterygoids, 2; turbinated i (2 dorsal and 2 ventral), 

 and an interparietal, making 10 for the cranium and 21 for the face. 



