INTERNAL PARASITES 143 



repeat on the 6th. Beginning on the sixteenth day repeat this 

 whole process, if the first treatment does not seem entirely effec- 

 tive. Always use raw linseed oil. 



A second method of treatment is as follows: After giving the 

 preparatory treatment described above, give tartar emetic, 1 to 

 3 drams depending on the size and the age of the animal, mix- 

 ing the medicine with a small, damp feed of oats or grain. 

 Repeat in 12 hours. Keep the horse quiet and empty. 



Strongyles. — These are also round worms (Nematodes). The 

 horse is affected especially by four species. 



In general the mature worm inhabits the cecum and the colon. 

 The eggs are deposited, then pass off with the manure and hatch. 

 The embryo worms are taken in by the future host with water 

 or feed. Some of the immature worms pass through the intes- 

 tinal mucous membrane and into the blood vessels of the abdomi- 

 nal organs — the intestines for instance, where they are likely to 

 indirectly cause colic and serious disease of the bowel, by ob- 

 structing circulation. 



The symptoms are variable and not diagnostic. There are evi- 

 dences of intestinal irritation like diarrhea, recurrent colic, 

 unthrift and variable appetite, usually lack of appetite. 



Treatment for the strongyle infection in horses is satisfactory 

 if given in time. Best results are secured from oil of cheno- 

 podium. The horse is allowed no feed for 36 hours, then is 

 given about 4 drams of this oil in a quart of raw linseed oil. 



For the common round worms in hogs, no food is given to the 

 hog for from 8 to 24 hours. Then when the hog is hungry and 

 empty, he is given one to 3 teaspoonfuls of turpentine, accord- 

 ing to size and age, diluted about ten times in skimmed milk or 

 thin slop. This dose is repeated daily for several days, and then 

 a physic is given. 



Oil of chenopodium, about 45 drops in 1 ounce of castor oil 

 per 1D0 pounds weight, is also very effective — especially when 

 properly repeated. 



Tapeworms or taenia (flatworms). — These are especially seri- 

 ous in sheep, which are infested by several species. Three kinds 

 are common to cattle, sheep and goats. The life history of tape- 

 worms is very significant. Taenia are two-host parasites. They 

 pass the larval stage in one host as bladder-like cysts, and their 

 adult form in another species of host as a flat, ribbon-like body 

 of many short segments. For example, the sheep disease known 

 as gid is caused by the bladder worm larva of a tapeworm which 



