152 VETERINARY STUDIES 



should receive no water on the day that they are treated, either 

 before or after treatment. For the first treatment of a badly 

 infected flock, repeat once or even twice at ten-day intervals. 

 Treatment is easily given with a metal dose syringe. 



Drenching sheep. — For giving medicine to sheep, a drenching 

 tube should be used, or a metal dose syringe, or a long-necked 

 bottle. A very satisfactory drenching tube may be easily made 

 with an ordinary tin funnel, which is inserted into one end of 

 a rubber hose about 3 feet long and about one half inch in 

 diameter. A piece of brass or iron tubing 4 to 6 inches long is 

 inserted into the other end of the tube. The metal tube is placed 

 in the animal's mouth between the back teeth; the funnel end 

 is held at a convenient height and medicine poured slowly into 

 it. It is better to give the medicine when the sheep is standing 

 on its feet, because actual experiment has demonstrated that 

 while the animal is in this position more of the medicine goes 

 directly to the fourth stomach, where it is needed. The head 

 must not be raised too high — not higher than level face ; other- 

 wise there is danger of passing medicine into the lungs. 



Prevention. — Sick animals must be killed, or removed from 

 the flock and confined where there is no drainage tc the pas- 

 ture or yard used by other sheep or cattle. Water should be 

 taken from wells that do not receive surface drainage, from 

 large lakes or from running streams, although stagnant pools 

 are probably not so dangerous in this connection as is commonly 

 supposed. The tank or trough should be high enough so that 

 the water cannot possibly be contaminated from droppings. 

 High and well-drained pasture is always safer than low pas- 

 tures so far as internal parasites in general are concerned. In- 

 fected pastures should be burned over thoroughly and regu- 

 larly for the purpose of destroying eggs and young worms. 



It should be borne in mind that when animals are well fed 

 and well nourished, they are better able to resist the invasion 

 of any parasite. 



