262 VETERINARY STUDIES 



bull's sheath to be disinfected internally before and after each 

 service. If possible, use a different bull for cows that have 

 aborted, he also to be disinfected before and after service, but 

 with a different tubing and nozzle. 



In any herd where there is danger of this infection, calves 

 should be born in clean and recently disinfected stalls and from 

 clean and externally disinfected dams. 



Treat the stump of the calf's navel cord with tincture of 

 iodin in a cup or wide mouth bottle : This is easier to do with 

 the calf on his feet. Iodin treatment is to be repeated until the 

 cord is dry and hard. Soak it several minutes at each treat- 

 ment. Equal parts of alum and boracic acid may be dusted 

 freely over the cord after the iodin treatment. It is important 

 to remember that a calf may be infected early in life through 

 milk from dam or nurse cow, the virus coming from the udder 

 in the milk. Or the young calf may be infected from external 

 contamination of the teat and udder by vaginal discharge. It 

 is safer, therefore, in an aborting herd to wean the calf early 

 and raise it on pasteurized, or even boiled, milk. There is then 

 less risk of calf scours and calf pneumonia, which are common 

 in such herds. 



Calf-scours serum appears to give good results as a preven- 

 tive and should be given to all calves in affected herds, as soon 

 as possible after birth, in addition to the sanitary precautions 

 already advised. 



Internal disinfection as used here means injection into the 

 vagina, not uterus, for females and into the sheath for males. 

 External disinfection for cows means surface in general, but 

 especially around and under the tail and between the thighs; 

 for bulls, the outside of the sheath, especially around the 

 opening. 



For internal disinfection use one half per cent solution of 

 Lugol 's iodin ; or, for simple cleansing, common salt, a table- 

 spoonful to the gallon of water. A container, a funnel, and a 

 few feet of %-inch rubber tubing with a short smooth nozzle of 

 some kind is all that is necessary for apparatus. For treating 

 a large number of cows, a simple container for a gravity appa- 

 ratus is very convenient and cheap. This may be made from a 

 large galvanized iron pail with a stopcock at the bottom. An 

 old-fashioned "shotgun" milk can is an ideal container, since 

 it is already fitted with stopcock at the bottom and has a glass 



